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A symmetrized acceptance polynomial can exceed one between Hamming layers
Statement refuted
False claim: if an acceptance polynomial takes values in on the Boolean cube, then its symmetrized univariate polynomial takes values in at every real between and .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The two-bit local query model and the finite permutation average of Symmetrizing a Boolean-cube polynomial gives a Hamming-weight polynomial.
Oracle-only bit-query algorithm: a local bit-query algorithm starts independently of the oracle input, can measure with finite instruments, and accepts according to a fixed output subset.
Standard bit-flip query convention: at the one-hot address , one XOR query toggles its target by the bit .
Acceptance polynomials and approximate degree on Boolean domains: the acceptance probability on the Boolean cube is represented by a real polynomial.
Symmetrizing a Boolean-cube polynomial gives a Hamming-weight polynomial: the average over coordinate permutations gives the univariate polynomial matching the average values on each Hamming-weight layer.
The Pauli matrices: in the ordered qubit basis, toggles the computational-basis bit.
Counterexample
The Pauli in [F5] toggles a basis bit and is a fixed unitary because it permutes the two basis vectors. Start at the all-zero address, target, and two-bit output register. In the first round, apply to the first address bit to set the address to , query and measure the target; since it began at zero, the outcome is deterministically by [F2]. If the outcome is , apply to the first output bit and to the target; if it is , leave both unchanged. This copies the result and resets the target. Apply to both address bits to change into ; repeat the query and measurement, copying the second outcome into the second output bit and resetting the target in the same way. Every outcome-controlled operation is a fixed unitary on its branch by [F1] and [F5]; the output is deterministically . This finite tree uses exactly two queries. Accept on the fixed subset , so the algorithm computes NAND.
The resulting acceptance polynomial is : its values are at , respectively, exactly the NAND acceptance law. In particular it lies in on the Boolean cube.
Averaging over the two coordinate permutations leaves its constant term fixed and sends to itself. By [F4], the associated Hamming-weight polynomial is , since it takes values at weights .
At the noninteger point , . Thus the symmetrized polynomial is not constrained to remain in between integer Hamming weights, refuting the claim.
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Sources
- Andrew M. Childs, Lecture Notes on Quantum Algorithms (2025), §21.6 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Ronald de Wolf, Quantum Computing: Lecture Notes (arXiv:1907.09415), §11.2 (standard reference, not scraped)