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CorollaryStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-12
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The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Characteristic function criterion for weak convergence

Statement

Assume AC. For Borel probability laws μn and a specified Borel probability law μ on R, μn⇒μ⟺φμn(t)→φμ(t) for every t∈R.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The hypotheses and conventions in the statement.

[F1]

Weak convergence implies pointwise characteristic-function convergence. Levy continuity theorem forward direction.

[F2]

A pointwise limit continuous at zero is the characteristic function of a unique law, to which the sequence converges. Levy continuity theorem converse.

[F3]

Every characteristic function is continuous at zero. Basic properties of characteristic functions.

[F4]

AC covers the choice uses inherited by the converse theorem. The Axiom of Choice.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1

If μn⇒μ, the forward continuity theorem gives the right-hand side at every frequency, including zero, where all values are one.

2.1F2F3F4∎

Conversely suppose the right-hand side. The specified target μ has a characteristic function continuous at zero. Apply the converse theorem with ψ=φμ: it gives a unique law ν with this characteristic function and μn⇒ν. The law μ itself satisfies the characterizing property, so that uniqueness gives ν=μ. AC is inherited through the converse theorem's Prokhorov, Fourier-uniqueness and integration-bridge uses. Point masses and constant sequences are included, and no nonzero variance, moment, or density is required.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

24 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources