Alphabeta Math
CorollaryStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-6.1-sol)
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Regular finite principal series are irreducible

Statement

Let n≥1, let q be a prime power, put G=GL⁡n(Fq) with Borel B and diagonal torus T, and let χ∈T^ be a regular character, that is, its coordinates χ1,…,χn are pairwise distinct (Diagonal torus characters and the Weyl action). Then Wχ=1, End⁡G(I(χ))=C⋅id⁡, and I(χ) is an irreducible C[G]-module of dimension [G:B]=∏i=1nqi−1q−1 (The principal series module for finite GL_n). Conversely, if χ is not regular then Wχ≠1 and I(χ) is reducible. Hence I(χ) is irreducible  ⟺  Wχ=1  ⟺  χ is regular. In particular, for fixed q every principal series attached to a regular character is irreducible, and its isomorphism class depends only on the Sn-orbit of χ. No choice principle is used.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: G=GL⁡n(Fq) with Borel B and torus T, a character χ∈T^, its principal series module I(χ) with character c, and the Weyl stabiliser Wχ.

[F1]

The dimension of the endomorphism algebra is dim⁡CEnd⁡G(I(χ))=∣Wχ∣, and Wχ=1 exactly for regular χ; moreover I(χ)≅I(w⋅χ) for every w∈Sn (The Weyl stabiliser controls the principal series endomorphisms, Diagonal torus characters and the Weyl action).

[F2]

Maschke's theorem gives an invariant complement to every submodule of the finite-dimensional complex G-module I(χ). Induction on dimension, splitting a nonzero submodule of least positive dimension at each stage, therefore makes I(χ) semisimple. In particular, a nonzero proper submodule gives a direct sum decomposition into two nonzero submodules (Maschke's theorem for finite groups over fields whose characteristic does not divide ∣G∣).

[F3]

Schur's lemma: the endomorphism ring of a simple module is a division ring (Schur's lemma for simple modules). A finite-dimensional complex division algebra equals C: every endomorphism of a nonzero finite-dimensional complex vector space has an eigenvalue, and an element T of a division algebra with eigenvalue λ satisfies T=λ (Every endomorphism of a nonzero finite-dimensional vector space over an algebraically closed field has an eigenvalue, The complex numbers form an algebraic closure of R).

[F4]

The dimension of I(χ) is [G:B]=∏i=1n(qi−1)/(q−1) (The principal series module for finite GL_n).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1algebra

If χ is regular then Wχ=1 by [F1], so dim⁡CEnd⁡G(I(χ))=1 by [F1], and therefore End⁡G(I(χ))=C⋅id⁡: a one-dimensional complex subspace of the endomorphism algebra containing the nonzero element id⁡.

1.2F1F3algebra

Conversely assume that χ is not regular, so Wχ≠1 by [F1] and dim⁡CEnd⁡G(I(χ))=∣Wχ∣>1 by [F1]. If I(χ) were irreducible, then End⁡G(I(χ)) would be a division ring by [F3], and being finite-dimensional over C it would equal C⋅id⁡ by the eigenvalue argument of [F3]; its dimension would be 1, contradicting ∣Wχ∣>1. Hence I(χ) is not irreducible, and since it is nonzero it has a nonzero proper submodule, that is, it is reducible.

2.1F2F4step 1.1algebra

Assume χ regular. The module I(χ) is nonzero of dimension [G:B]≥1 by [F4] and semisimple by [F2]. If it were not simple, [F2] would produce a decomposition I(χ)=A⊕B with A,B≠0, and the projection onto A along B would be an endomorphism p with p≠0 and p≠id⁡, so that p∉C⋅id⁡; this contradicts step 1.1. Hence I(χ) is irreducible, with endomorphism algebra C⋅id⁡.

3.1F1F4step 2.1step 1.2∎

Steps 2.1 and 1.2 prove both directions of the equivalence I(χ) irreducible  ⟺  Wχ=1, and Wχ=1  ⟺  χ regular is the definition of regularity in [F1]; the dimension is [F4], and [F1] also gives I(χ)≅I(w⋅χ), so the isomorphism class of a regular principal series depends only on the Sn-orbit of χ. The argument used Maschke, Schur and the finite-dimensional eigenvalue principle only, so no choice principle is used.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

33 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources