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Regular finite principal series are irreducible
Statement
Let , let be a prime power, put with Borel and diagonal torus , and let be a regular character, that is, its coordinates are pairwise distinct (Diagonal torus characters and the Weyl action). Then , , and is an irreducible -module of dimension (The principal series module for finite GL_n). Conversely, if is not regular then and is reducible. Hence In particular, for fixed every principal series attached to a regular character is irreducible, and its isomorphism class depends only on the -orbit of . No choice principle is used.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: with Borel and torus , a character , its principal series module with character , and the Weyl stabiliser .
The dimension of the endomorphism algebra is , and exactly for regular ; moreover for every (The Weyl stabiliser controls the principal series endomorphisms, Diagonal torus characters and the Weyl action).
Maschke's theorem gives an invariant complement to every submodule of the finite-dimensional complex -module . Induction on dimension, splitting a nonzero submodule of least positive dimension at each stage, therefore makes semisimple. In particular, a nonzero proper submodule gives a direct sum decomposition into two nonzero submodules (Maschke's theorem for finite groups over fields whose characteristic does not divide ).
Schur's lemma: the endomorphism ring of a simple module is a division ring (Schur's lemma for simple modules). A finite-dimensional complex division algebra equals : every endomorphism of a nonzero finite-dimensional complex vector space has an eigenvalue, and an element of a division algebra with eigenvalue satisfies (Every endomorphism of a nonzero finite-dimensional vector space over an algebraically closed field has an eigenvalue, The complex numbers form an algebraic closure of ).
The dimension of is (The principal series module for finite GL_n).
Proof
If is regular then by [F1], so by [F1], and therefore : a one-dimensional complex subspace of the endomorphism algebra containing the nonzero element .
Conversely assume that is not regular, so by [F1] and by [F1]. If were irreducible, then would be a division ring by [F3], and being finite-dimensional over it would equal by the eigenvalue argument of [F3]; its dimension would be , contradicting . Hence is not irreducible, and since it is nonzero it has a nonzero proper submodule, that is, it is reducible.
Assume regular. The module is nonzero of dimension by [F4] and semisimple by [F2]. If it were not simple, [F2] would produce a decomposition with , and the projection onto along would be an endomorphism with and , so that ; this contradicts step 1.1. Hence is irreducible, with endomorphism algebra .
Steps 2.1 and 1.2 prove both directions of the equivalence , and is the definition of regularity in [F1]; the dimension is [F4], and [F1] also gives , so the isomorphism class of a regular principal series depends only on the -orbit of . The argument used Maschke, Schur and the finite-dimensional eigenvalue principle only, so no choice principle is used.
Depends on
- The Weyl stabiliser controls the principal series endomorphisms
- Diagonal torus characters and the Weyl action
- Maschke's theorem for finite groups over fields whose characteristic does not divide $|G|$
- Schur's lemma for simple modules
- The principal series module for finite GL_n
- Every endomorphism of a nonzero finite-dimensional vector space over an algebraically closed field has an eigenvalue
- The complex numbers form an algebraic closure of $\mathbb R$
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Masao Oi, Representation Theory of Finite Groups of Lie Type - Proposition 2.7 and its proof (if chi_1 != chi_2 then chi_1 x chi_2 is irreducible), printed pp. 12-13 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Jay Taylor, Finite Reductive Groups - Theorem 5.21 and Example 5.22, printed pp. 45-46 (standard reference, not scraped)