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CorollaryStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-14
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Short exact sequences of numerable vector bundles split

Statement

Assume AC. If 0→E′→iE→qE′′→0 is a short exact sequence of finite-rank real or complex vector bundles over a paracompact Hausdorff base, then E≅E′⊕E′′ over the base. More generally, it suffices that E have a supplied bundle metric. The splitting need not be canonical.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The short exact sequence and base hypotheses in the statement.

[F1]

Short exactness includes the local subbundle structure on i(E′) and fiberwise exactness of q (Bundle maps, sections, subbundles, and isomorphisms).

[A1]

Under AC a finite-rank bundle over a paracompact Hausdorff base has a bundle metric; with a supplied numeration the metric construction is choice-free (Numerable vector bundles admit bundle metrics).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1A1algebra

Use [A1] to give E a metric, or use the metric supplied in the more general clause. Let C=i(E′)⊥. In a local frame adapted to the subbundle i(E′), the Gram matrix is continuous and positive definite; solving the finite linear equations ⟨v,i(e′)⟩=0 expresses C as the graph of a continuous linear map. Hence C is a vector subbundle of rank rank⁡E−rank⁡E′.

2.1F1step 1.1algebra

On every fiber, Ex=i(Ex′)⊕Cx. Exactness in [F1] gives ker⁡qx=i(Ex′), so qx∣Cx:Cx→Ex′′ is injective and, by equal finite dimensions, bijective. In the local graph frames its matrix and inverse vary continuously, hence q∣C:C→E′′ is a bundle isomorphism.

3.1step 1.1step 2.1∎

The map E′⊕C→E, (e′,c)↦i(e′)+c, is a bundle isomorphism by the local direct-sum frames. Composing its C summand with (q∣C)−1 yields E′⊕E′′≅E. The result depends on the chosen metric, so no canonical splitting is asserted.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

7 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources