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CorollaryStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-14
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Short exact sequences of numerable vector bundles split

Statement

Assume AC. If 0EiEqE0 is a short exact sequence of finite-rank real or complex vector bundles over a paracompact Hausdorff base, then EEE over the base. More generally, it suffices that E have a supplied bundle metric. The splitting need not be canonical.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The short exact sequence and base hypotheses in the statement.

[F1]

Short exactness includes the local subbundle structure on i(E) and fiberwise exactness of q (Bundle maps, sections, subbundles, and isomorphisms).

[A1]

Under AC a finite-rank bundle over a paracompact Hausdorff base has a bundle metric; with a supplied numeration the metric construction is choice-free (Numerable vector bundles admit bundle metrics).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Use [A1] to give E a metric, or use the metric supplied in the more general clause. Let C=i(E). In a local frame adapted to the subbundle i(E), the Gram matrix is continuous and positive definite; solving the finite linear equations v,i(e)=0 expresses C as the graph of a continuous linear map. Hence C is a vector subbundle of rank rankErankE.

F1A1algebra
2.1

On every fiber, Ex=i(Ex)Cx. Exactness in [F1] gives kerqx=i(Ex), so qxCx:CxEx is injective and, by equal finite dimensions, bijective. In the local graph frames its matrix and inverse vary continuously, hence qC:CE is a bundle isomorphism.

F1step 1.1algebra
3.1

The map ECE, (e,c)i(e)+c, is a bundle isomorphism by the local direct-sum frames. Composing its C summand with (qC)1 yields EEE. The result depends on the chosen metric, so no canonical splitting is asserted.

step 1.1step 2.1

Depends on

Used by

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Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources