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ExampleConstruction: AI-generatedVerification: AI-generatedSession-authored (Fable 5 assisted)precheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-08-28
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A uniformly integrable family need not admit a single integrable majorant

Example

On [0,1] with Lebesgue measure, define ak:=j=1k112j2,Ik:=[ak,ak+12k2),fk:=kχIk.

Then the family (fk)k1 is uniformly integrable, but no integrable function dominates all of it almost everywhere.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Lebesgue measure on [0,1], the intervals Ik, and the functions fk:=kχIk.

[L1]

Uniform integrability means that for every ε>0 there is M>0 such that {fk>M}fkdμ<ε for every k. (A uniformly integrable family)

[L2]

On finite measure spaces, uniform integrability is equivalent to L1-boundedness plus uniform absolute continuity. (On a finite measure space, uniform integrability is equivalent to L^1-boundedness plus uniform absolute continuity)

Verification

technique · direct
1.1

The series k=112k2 converges to a value below 1, so the intervals Ik are pairwise disjoint subsets of [0,1]. Also fkdλ=kλ(Ik)=12k.

givenalgebra
2.1

If M>0 and kM, then {fk>M}=; if k>M, then {fk>M}=Ik and {fk>M}fkdλ=12k12M+2. Hence the family is uniformly integrable by [L1].

step 1.1L1algebra
2.2

If g were an integrable majorant for all fk, then ggk almost everywhere on Ik. Since the intervals are pairwise disjoint, gdλk=1Ikgdλk=112k=+, contradicting integrability of g.

step 1.1algebra
3.1

This family is therefore uniformly integrable but has no single integrable majorant. The example is exactly the failure of the false statement paired with [L2].

step 2.1step 2.2L2

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