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ExampleConstruction: Literature-sourcedVerification: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-14
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The Heisenberg algebra from a two-cocycle

Example

Let a=kx⊕ky be abelian and let kz be the trivial one-dimensional a-module. The alternating form determined by

ω(x,y)=z

is a 2-cocycle. Its associated abelian extension is the three-dimensional Heisenberg algebra

[x,y]=z,[x,z]=[y,z]=0.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The displayed two-dimensional abelian algebra and trivial module over a characteristic-zero field.

Verification

technique · direct
1.1givenalgebra

Since both the bracket of a and its action on kz are zero, every term in the Chevalley–Eilenberg differential of a 2-cochain vanishes. Equivalently, the possible target C3(a,kz) is already zero because ⋀3a=0. Hence dω=0.

1.2givenalgebra

The same triviality makes the differential C1→C2 zero, so the nonzero form ω is not a coboundary. Indeed C2(a,kz) is one-dimensional, generated by x∗∧y∗⊗z.

2.1step 1.1algebra∎

On kz⊕a define [(a,u),(b,v)]=(ω(u,v),0); this is the usual cocycle-extension formula here because the action and the bracket of a are both zero. It is bilinear and alternating, and Jacobi holds because every bracket lies in kz⊕0, which brackets to zero. Its kernel kz⊕0 is abelian, its quotient is a, and the induced action is trivial, so it is the abelian extension represented by ω. Its only nonzero basis bracket is [(0,x),(0,y)]=(z,0). Renaming the three basis vectors gives exactly the displayed Heisenberg relations. This checks the zero and one-dimensional boundary spaces explicitly and uses no choice.

Used by

Nothing in the library uses this result yet.

Dependency tree · 0 levels

Nothing. This result depends on no other item in the library.

Sources