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These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The sheaf of all functions to an abelian group is flasque
Example
Let be a topological space (Topology on a set, open and closed sets, clopen sets, the closed-set axiomatisation, and the coarser/finer comparison), let be an abelian group, and for an open subset let the set of all functions from to (A function is a relation with and implying ; , the value , domain and codomain) with pointwise addition, and for open let be the restriction of a function to . Then is a sheaf of abelian groups on (A sheaf on a topological space) and it is flasque (Flasque sheaf): every restriction map of is surjective. The sheaf of locally constant functions is a subsheaf of this all-functions sheaf; its contrasting failure of flasqueness is treated in The constant sheaf of integers on the line is not flasque.
Facts & Assumptions
The members of a topology on are its open sets, and and are open (Topology on a set, open and closed sets, clopen sets, the closed-set axiomatisation, and the coarser/finer comparison).
A presheaf of sets on consists of sets for open and restriction maps for with and whenever (A presheaf on a topological space).
A presheaf is a sheaf when for every open and every open cover it satisfies locality and gluing, and then the glued section is unique (A sheaf on a topological space).
A sheaf of abelian groups is flasque when every restriction map , open, is surjective (Flasque sheaf).
A function is a relation such that and imply ; thus a relation all of whose values are unique is a function (A function is a relation with and implying ; , the value , domain and codomain).
Verification
Given: A topological space , an abelian group with zero element , and for every open the set of all functions with pointwise addition and restrictions .
Proof technique: direct.
For open let be the set of all functions , and for open let ; both and are open sets of the topology of [F1]. Restriction of functions satisfies and for , since both sides send to ; by [F2] this makes a presheaf of sets on . It is a presheaf of abelian groups under pointwise addition : the pointwise sum of two functions is a function [F5], addition is associative and commutative and has the constant zero function as identity because is an abelian group, and each is a group homomorphism since restrictions are computed valuewise.
satisfies the two sheaf conditions of [F3]. Locality: if and for all in an open cover , then for every there is an with , and , so . Gluing: let satisfy for all , and form the relation If and belong to , witnessed by indices with , then , so the value is unique and is a function [F5] with domain : every lies in some , giving . By construction for every , so compatible families glue; by [F3] the presheaf is a sheaf, and with the pointwise group structure of [step 1.1] it is a sheaf of abelian groups, the group operations being computed valuewise and the glued section unique.
Let be open and let . Since is the disjoint union of and , the rule defines a function [F5], because the two cases are exhaustive and mutually exclusive and the values are prescribed by the given data; here is the zero element of the abelian group . Its restriction to is . Hence every element of has a preimage under , that is, is surjective. As were arbitrary open subsets, all restriction maps of are surjective, and by [F4] the sheaf is flasque.
Collecting the two assertions: is a sheaf of abelian groups on by [step 1.1] and [step 2.1], and it is flasque by [step 3.1], because every restriction of a function to a smaller open set has the canonical extension by the zero element of described there. In particular the statement holds for every abelian group and every topological space , with the one-element group. No choice principle is used anywhere: the extension of [step 3.1] is given by an explicit two-case formula and the glued function of [step 2.1] is defined by a relation whose values are unique, so that no index or point is selected and the item declares no choice principle. ∎
Depends on
- Flasque sheaf
- A sheaf on a topological space
- A presheaf on a topological space
- Topology on a set, open and closed sets, clopen sets, the closed-set axiomatisation, and the coarser/finer comparison
- A function is a relation $f$ with $(a,b) \in f$ and $(a,c) \in f$ implying $b = c$; $f : A \to B$, the value $f(a)$, domain and codomain
- Continuity of a map of topological spaces at a point and globally
Used by
- The constant sheaf of integers on the line is not flasque Counterexample
Dependency tree · two levels
20 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- The Stacks Project, Cohomology of Sheaves (standard reference, not scraped)