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The mean has an unbounded directional derivative supremum

Example

On R with its Borel sigma-algebra, for F=δ0 and H=δa, the mean functional T(G)=∫x dG(x) has T(Fϵ,H)=ϵa and right derivative a at ϵ=0. Each path law has finite support and hence a finite first moment. Taking the supremum of the absolute derivatives over a∈R gives +∞.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The gross-error path and point masses F=δ0, H=δa.

[F1]

Gross-error contamination path: Fϵ,H=(1−ϵ)F+ϵH for 0≤ϵ≤1.

[F2]

The Dirac set function at a point and A Dirac set function is a probability measure: δb is a probability law concentrated at b.

[F3]

Expectation agrees with the published finite weighted sum: on a finite probability space, expectation is the finite weighted sum of attained values.

[F4]

The Borel sigma-algebra of a topological space: the real line carries the sigma-algebra generated by its open sets, so the identity function is measurable.

Verification

1.1F1F2algebra

By [F1] and [F2], the path law places weight 1−ϵ at 0 and weight ϵ at a; this also covers a=0, when both atoms coincide.

2.1F3F4step 1.1algebra

The identity function is measurable for the Borel sigma-algebra because each Borel set is its own preimage under the identity. Let S={0,a} with its full power-set sigma-algebra and weights w(b)=Fϵ,H({b}). Since the complement of S has path-law measure zero, the integral of the identity is the integral of its restriction to this finite probability space: both are the same finite sum over the distinct atoms (apply the simple-function integral separately to the positive and negative parts). Thus [F3] gives T(Fϵ,H)=(1−ϵ)0+ϵa=ϵa, while T(F)=0.

3.1step 2.1algebra∎

For ϵ>0, the difference quotient is (T(Fϵ,H)−T(F))/ϵ=a, so the right derivative at zero is a. Since a ranges over all real numbers, the supremum of its absolute value is +∞.

Depends on

Used by

Nothing in the library uses this result yet.

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources