How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The left six-vertex prime -graph: primeness and leaf/co-leaf deletions
Example
The left six-vertex prime -graph is prime. Its leaves are , and is its unique co-leaf, meaning a vertex of degree . Deleting leaves a diamond with a pendant leaf at ; deleting leaves the path and isolated vertex . Deleting either leaf does not give the bull.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The graph with vertices and edges from The left six-vertex prime -graph.
A graph is prime exactly when it has no nontrivial module (Prime graphs: those whose only modules are the trivial ones, Modules of a graph, and the trivial modules).
The bull has five edges (The bull graph).
The neighbourhoods computed from the given edge set are
Verification
By [F1], exactly have degree one and exactly has degree four. Deleting leaves edges : on these form a complete graph minus , with attached only to . Deleting leaves exactly and isolated . Deleting either leaf removes one of the seven edges, leaving six, so neither resulting graph is the five-edge bull.
If a module contains a set and a vertex outside has both a neighbour and a nonneighbour in , that vertex must also belong to . Otherwise it would violate the defining uniform outside adjacency of a module. Thus such vertices can be forced into successively.
The following table covers every unordered pair of vertices. Starting from the pair in the first column, append the vertices in the second column from left to right. At each append, [F1] shows that the new vertex has a neighbour and a nonneighbour in the set already obtained. Consequently step 1.2 forces all six vertices into every module containing the initial pair.
| Initial pair | Successive forced vertices | |---|---| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Every set with at least two vertices contains one of those pairs, so step 2.1 excludes every proper module of size at least two. By [L1], is prime. Together with step 1.1 this proves all the stated claims.
Remarks
The stable item ID retains its earlier bull-deletion wording for link compatibility. That claim concerned the superseded net interpretation of the left graph. The title, statement and verification above concern the actual Nguyen–Scott–Seymour Figure 1 graph.
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
10 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Tung Nguyen, Alex Scott, and Paul Seymour, Induced subgraph density. IV. New graphs with the Erdős-Hajnal property, Figure 1 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Shenwei Huang, Yiao Ju, and Yidong Zhou, Erdős-Hajnal beyond the five-vertex path, Figure 2 (standard reference, not scraped)