Alphabeta Math
ExampleConstruction: Literature-sourcedVerification: Literature-sourcedPipeline-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-14
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Orientation system of the Mobius band

Statement

The orientation system of the Mobius band has monodromy −1 around its core circle. The double cover obtained by unwrapping the core twice is an annulus, on which the pulled-back system is constant. The restriction of the orientation system to the single boundary circle is constant.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The Mobius band B=[0,1]×[−1,1]/(0,s)∼(1,−s).

[F1]

The orientation system is a local system identifies monodromy with the sign of transported local orientations.

[F2]

Orientation local system on a manifold with boundary extends the interior system over the boundary by a collar and identifies its boundary restriction by outward-normal-first transport.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1

Give the rectangle the local orientation represented by the ordered coordinate directions (∂x,∂s). The gluing sends these to (∂x,−∂s), so one traversal of the core returns the negative local orientation. By [F1], its monodromy is −1.

2.1F1step 1.1

Unwrap the gluing twice: [0,2]×[−1,1]/(0,s)∼(2,s) maps two-to-one onto B. This space is an annulus, and its core maps twice around the core of B. Hence the pulled-back monodromy is (−1)2=1. Since the annulus retracts onto its core circle, the pulled-back rank-one local system is constant.

3.1F1F2step 1.1∎

The two horizontal rectangle edges are joined into one boundary circle. Traversing this circle runs from (0,1) to (1,1)∼(0,−1) and then from (0,−1) to (1,−1)∼(0,1), so its image in the core has degree two. Its orientation monodromy is therefore (−1)2=1. The collar extension in [F2] gives the same transport at boundary points, hence the restricted system is constant. The boundary circle is orientable even though B is not. Empty-boundary and zero-ring cases are not part of this fixed example, and no AC is used.

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Sources