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The wall-crossing functor on Verma modules in rank one

Example

Assume the Axiom of Choice. Work in sl2 with the conventions of The classical BGG category O: λ=0, ρ=1, so the regular standards are Δ1=M(0) and Δs=M(−2) for the two elements of W={1,s}, and the singular wall weight is μ=−1, whose shifted value is μ+ρ=0. The dominant regular integral block is that of λ=0 (The regular integral block and its antidominant weight), and the wall-crossing functor is that of The wall-crossing functor and its unit and counit built from the two-dimensional translating module E=L(1) with highest weight μ−λ=−1 up to Weyl conjugacy.

Onto the wall. Tensoring the two regular standards with the two-dimensional module and projecting to the central character of the wall preserves the unique wall standard: TonΔ1≅M(−1) and TonΔs≅M(−1), since Δ1 and Δs differ by the single simple-root lowering and the tensor filtration retains exactly the labels of weight −1 in the shifted parametrization, as in Translation to and from a single wall on standard modules.

Back out of the wall. The wall block at μ=−1 has a single simple object M(−1)=L(−1) and is semisimple; hence M(−1) is projective and injective there, and the exact biadjoint return translation Tout sends it to a projective object of the regular block whose Verma flag has the two factors M(0) and M(−2), once each, by Translation to and from a single wall on standard modules. By biadjunction, its Hom to L(−2) is one-dimensional, since TonL(−2)=M(−1); its Hom to L(0) is zero, since L(1)⊗L(0)=L(1) has a different central character from M(−1). Thus its only simple quotient is L(−2), once, and the projective-cover decomposition identifies it with P(−2).

Conclusion. Both θsΔ1 and θsΔs are therefore isomorphic to the same nonsplit two-step extension 0⟶M(0)⟶P(−2)⟶M(−2)⟶0, with class [Δ1]+[Δs] in the Grothendieck group, in agreement with Wall-crossing acts on standard modules by a two-step extension. Maximal-weight peeling puts M(0) first in the flag; the extension is nonsplit because P(−2) is indecomposable as a projective cover. The wall sits at highest weight −1, equivalently at shifted parameter μ+ρ=0; the regular highest weight 0 is the dominant maximum of the block; the antidominant minimum is −2.

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