Alphabeta Math
False statementConstruction: AI-adaptedVerification: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-07
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The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

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False: densities and top forms coincide on nonorientable manifolds

Statement

False assertion: the smooth density bundle and the top-form bundle have a canonical identification even on a nonorientable manifold.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

Density bundle and smooth density fields: For a smooth manifold Mn, with boundary allowed, the density bundle is DM=pMD(TpM). In coordinates x, let dx=dx1dxn be the density taking value one on the coordinate frame. On overlaps, dy=detDxydx. A smooth density is a section with smooth real coefficient in these frames. Its support is the closure of its nonzero locus. The absolute determinants are positive smooth transition functions and satisfy the cocycle identities by the chain rule. A countable atlas and thm-vector-bundle-construction-from-a-smooth-cocycle therefore give a smooth line bundle. For boundary charts the same gluing proof uses half-space product charts; smoothness of transitions follows from their local extensions, and Hausdorffness and second countability follow as for the supplied cocycle construction. The fibers are lines by prop-one-densities-form-a-one-dimensional-vector-space. When n=0 the empty frame trivializes DM=M×R.

[F2]

Existence of positive smooth densities: Assuming ACω, every smooth manifold, with or without boundary, admits a smooth positive density.

[F3]

Orientability is equivalent to a nowhere-vanishing top form: Assume ACω. A smooth manifold is orientable if and only if it has a nowhere-vanishing smooth top-degree form.

Refutation

Given: The proposed assertion; use the data constructed below.

1.1

Consider the strip quotient (R×(1,1))/((s,t)(s+1,t)). Narrow rectangles of s-width less than one give charts; the seam changes coordinates by (s,t)(s+1,t), of determinant 1. Disjoint translates make the quotient Hausdorff and images of rational rectangles form a countable base. Thus it is a smooth manifold. The local positive density dsdt is unchanged by the seam and descends globally, consistently with existence of positive densities.

F1F2
2.1

A nowhere-zero top form on this quotient would lift to a(s,t)dsdt with a(s+1,0)=a(s,0). Continuity on the central segment from s=0 to s=1 forces a zero by the intermediate value theorem, contradicting nonvanishing. The orientability criterion therefore detects this obstruction. A bundle isomorphism from densities to top forms would take the nowhere-zero density to a nowhere-zero top form, which is impossible.

F3step 1.1

Depends on

Used by

Nothing in the library uses this result yet.

Dependency tree · two levels

9 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources