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Analytic subsets of Baire space have tree projections
Statement
In ZF, is analytic in the closed-projection convention if and only if for a synchronous tree . For this representation and each ,
Facts & Assumptions
Synchronous trees, their bodies and sections are defined in Synchronous trees and projection bodies.
Analytic means projection of a closed subset of the binary product with Baire space; see Analytic and coanalytic sets by closed projection.
The cylinder-complement argument characterizes closed sets as prefix-tree bodies in one coordinate; see Closed subsets of Baire space are tree bodies. We give its two-coordinate form explicitly.
Proof
Given: , with synchronous restrictions and the product topology as in F1–F2.
A basic neighbourhood of contains for some . Setting gives a contained product of equal-length cylinders. If , some paired prefix of length is absent; every point of that product cylinder has the same absent prefix. The complement of is therefore open, precisely as in the argument for F3.
Conversely, for closed , put . Restrictions of witnessed pairs have the same witness, so is a synchronous tree and . A point of would have an equal-length product cylinder disjoint from by step 1.1's neighbourhood observation, but its paired prefix in supplies a point of in that cylinder. Thus . For the constructed tree is empty.
If is analytic, choose its one closed witness and apply step 2.1 to obtain . Conversely, if , step 1.1 makes a closed witness for analyticity. These choices concern one asserted witness and do not require AC.
For each fixed , restricting a pair in proves prefix closure of . For any , the assertions for all and for all are identical. Existence of such is exactly , proving the section equivalence. QED.
Depends on
Used by
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Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Exercise 5.2 and the paragraph preceding Theorem 5.3 (standard reference, not scraped)