Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-12
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Block relative trace characterizes diagonal projectivity

Statement

For a central idempotent bkG and HG, the double module B=kGb is relatively ΔH-projective if and only if b=TrHG(a)=gG/Hgag1 for some aBH. When b is a block, defect groups are exactly the inclusion-minimal p-subgroups admitting this equality.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A finite group, central idempotent b, and subgroup H.

[F1]

The bimodule kG, hence its summand B, is relatively ΔG-projective. (Group algebra bimodule is induced from the diagonal)

[F2]

Defect groups are defined by minimal diagonal vertices. (Defect group and numerical defect of a block)

[F3]

Mackey decomposition and induction transitivity hold for finite modules. (Relative projectivity mackey intersections for finite modules)

[F4]

Relative projectivity is equivalent to the identity being a relative trace. (Higman's criterion characterizes relative projectivity through the relative trace idempotent test)

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Suppose B is relatively ΔH-projective. By Mackey its restriction to ΔG is a summand of a sum induced from intersections ΔG(x,y)ΔH(x,y)1. Each intersection has the form ΔL with LxHx1: equality of the two components requires xhx1=yhy1. It is thus conjugate inside ΔG into ΔH. Transitivity and conjugation of inducing witnesses make every term relatively ΔH-projective as a ΔG-module. The finite sum and its summand retain that property.

F3
2.1

By Higman on this restricted module, idB=TrΔHΔGα. Evaluating at the central element b gives b=gG/Hgα(b)g1. Put a=α(b); since b is fixed by ΔH and α is equivariant, aBH.

F4step 1.1
3.1

Conversely let b=TrHG(a) with aBH. Left multiplication α(v)=av commutes with the diagonal H action, and its diagonal G trace sends v to gag1v=bv=v. Thus the restricted module is relatively ΔH-projective. By [F1] and the counit splitting, B is a summand of induction to G×G of this restricted module. Induction transitivity now makes B relatively ΔH-projective as a double module. For a block, minimizing over p-subgroups gives exactly [F2]. For b=0 both the zero module and trace witness a=0 satisfy the equivalence.

F1F2F3F4step 2.1

Sources

Webb, A Course in Finite Group Representation Theory, §§11.3, 11.6 and 12.3–12.5, especially pp.240–245. Local argument and conventions as displayed above.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

11 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources