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A bounded Euclidean homeomorphism has a compactly supported local model
Statement
Let , let be a homeomorphism, and suppose there is a finite constant such that for every . For every compact subset , there are an open neighborhood of , a closed Euclidean ball centered at the origin, and an ambient isotopy of , , such that is the identity, every is the identity outside , and . In particular, if is piecewise linear on a neighborhood of , the final map is piecewise linear on some neighborhood of . No global piecewise linearity of the isotopy or its final map is asserted.
Statement references
Facts & Assumptions
Given: as in the Statement, with the Euclidean norm.
A homeomorphism is a continuous bijection with continuous inverse, and an ambient isotopy is a continuous family of homeomorphisms starting at the identity, whose associated map on the product with the parameter interval is a homeomorphism (Homeomorphism, open map, closed map, embedding, and what it means for a property to be topological, Homotopies of continuous maps, homotopies relative to a subspace, and path homotopies relative to the endpoints).
Proof
Given: The data above.
Choose so large that lies in the open radius- ball; this is possible because the continuous image of a compact set is compact, and compact Euclidean sets are bounded. Set . Define an increasing homeomorphism by for and for . The radial map , for , is a homeomorphism from onto the open radius- ball, and it is the identity on the closed radius- ball. On the open radius- ball put . This is a homeomorphism there.
Extend by the identity on the radius- sphere. To verify continuity there, put and . The displacement bound gives . For , insert between the two unit vectors to obtain Consequently The right side tends to zero as , uniformly over directions, since and is increasing with limit . For an interior point approaching a boundary point , the equality forces , and tends to zero by this bound. This proves continuity directly. The inverse has the same displacement bound: if then . Applying the same calculation to gives the continuous inverse extension. Extend once more by the identity outside the closed radius- ball to obtain a homeomorphism of . The formulas and their inverse formulas agree on the joining sphere.
The set is an open neighborhood of . On both and , so . Thus any piecewise linearity of on an open neighborhood of is retained after intersecting that neighborhood with . This is an equality of actual local maps, rather than an approximation statement about their images.
For define when , and when ; put . The branches agree at because fixes the radius- sphere. Each is a homeomorphism, with inverse given by the same formula using ; it fixes every point outside the radius- ball. The formulas give joint continuity for . At , both and its image lie in the radius- ball whenever a point moves, so . This proves joint continuity at zero, uniformly in . The identical estimate applies to the inverse family, hence is a homeomorphism with continuous inverse . Therefore is an ambient isotopy, supported in the radius- ball, from the identity to . Together with step 2.1 this proves all conclusions.
Remarks
The construction uses only a choice of one sufficiently large real number, with no countable or arbitrary-index choice assumption. It supplies the bounded-homeomorphism compactification step in the Euclidean part of Hamilton's torus argument. It does not prove that a topological three-manifold admits a piecewise linear structure, and it does not straighten an arbitrary topological coordinate change.
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Sources
- A. J. S. Hamilton, The triangulation of 3-manifolds, Quarterly Journal of Mathematics Oxford (2) 27 (1976), 63–70 (standard reference, not scraped)