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Conjugacy between cyclically Britton-reduced HNN words reduces to base-group conjugacy after cyclic permutation
Statement
Let and be cyclically Britton-reduced HNN words of positive stable-letter length in the associated-subgroup notation. If and are conjugate in the HNN extension, then some cyclic permutation of is conjugate to by an element of the base group .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The cyclically Britton-reduced words and of positive stable-letter length.
A cyclically Britton-reduced word has no pin across its two ends. (Cyclically Britton-reduced HNN words)
Cyclic permutations of a positive-length cyclically Britton-reduced word are conjugate to it and remain cyclically Britton-reduced. (Cyclic permutations of a cyclically Britton-reduced HNN word stay in the same conjugacy class)
Every element has a unique transversal normal form relative to chosen transversals. (Normal forms in an HNN extension are unique relative to chosen transversals)
Proof
We first record the boundary calculation used below. Let be cyclically Britton-reduced with , and write a positive-length Britton-reduced conjugator as , where . At the two interfaces with in , only and from this first syllable of can participate. A pin at the interface has the literal form with ; a pin at the interface has the literal form with . In either case the relation or its inverse removes the displayed pair. The untouched copy of becomes the opposite end syllable, and a direct substitution of the same relation shows that the remaining central word is a base-group conjugate of the corresponding literal cyclic permutation of . Absorb that base conjugacy into to obtain with . The two signs cover the two associated subgroups, and [L1] and [L2] show that is again cyclically Britton-reduced. If neither interface is a pin, the displayed word is Britton-reduced, because its three factors already are, and it has stable-letter length .
Let and . Among all equations , with a cyclic permutation of , a cyclic permutation of , and Britton-reduced, choose one minimizing ; the original conjugacy supplies such an equation. If and a boundary pin occurs, step 1.1 shortens while rotating , contrary to the choice. If no pin occurs, step 1.1 gives a Britton-reduced representative of of length . Normalizing a Britton-reduced word by [L3] only transfers associated-subgroup coefficients and performs no stable-letter cancellation, so uniqueness in [L3] gives . Apply the same alternatives to . A boundary pin now shortens the same chosen conjugator while rotating , again contradicting minimality; no boundary pin gives , incompatible with the preceding equality. Thus , and [L3] also gives .
Now keep fixed. Among all equations , with a cyclic permutation of and Britton-reduced, choose one minimizing . Such equations exist by the hypothesis. If and a boundary pin occurs, step 1.1 produces with a cyclic permutation of and , contradicting the choice.
If instead no boundary pin occurs, step 1.1 makes a Britton-reduced word of length . It represents , whose Britton-reduced length is by step 2.1. As in step 2.1, [L3] makes these lengths equal, a contradiction. Hence , so , and the chosen cyclic permutation is conjugate to by a base-group element as required.
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Sources
- Roger C. Lyndon and Paul E. Schupp, Combinatorial Group Theory (standard reference, not scraped)