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Finite linear group invariant polynomials separate orbits
Statement
Let be finite, with finite dimensional over . If are distinct -orbits, there is that is zero on and one on .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Two distinct finite orbits for the stated action.
The polynomial algebra, pullback action and Reynolds projection are defined and justified in Finite linear invariant and coinvariant polynomial algebras.
Proof
The orbits are disjoint: if , then and their full orbits agree, contrary to distinctness. Let and fix finite linear coordinates . For each and , choose the least coordinate index with . Such an index exists because coordinates separate distinct vectors. Define . Its denominator is nonzero, it is zero at , and it is one at .
For each put , with empty product one. At every factor is one; at any other the corresponding factor vanishes. Thus is zero on and one on . Set using F1. It is invariant. For and every , stays in , so every term has the required constant value there. Averaging preserves that value, proving the assertion.
Distinct orbits are nonempty, so has at least two points and no empty coordinate family is needed: in dimension zero only one orbit exists and the hypothesis cannot hold. If either orbit is a singleton, the same products work, including the orbit of the zero vector. Stabilizers never alter interpolation coefficients because contains distinct points; Reynolds divides by the actual nonzero group order. If one instead allows an empty prescribed set, the corresponding single condition is solved by the constant zero or one polynomial, and both empty sets allow zero. The construction uses finite products and least coordinate indices, with no AC.
Depends on
Used by
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Sources
- Pavel Etingof, Representations of Lie Groups, §§11–13; local proof and exact reading limits in the group report (standard reference, not scraped)