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LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-12
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Finite linear group invariant polynomials separate orbits

Statement

Let GGL(V) be finite, with V finite dimensional over C. If O1,O2 are distinct G-orbits, there is pC[V]G that is zero on O1 and one on O2.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Two distinct finite orbits for the stated action.

[F1]

The polynomial algebra, pullback action and Reynolds projection are defined and justified in Finite linear invariant and coinvariant polynomial algebras.

Proof

1.1

The orbits are disjoint: if gx=hy, then y=h1gx and their full orbits agree, contrary to distinctness. Let T=O1O2 and fix finite linear coordinates x1,,xr. For each bO2 and aT{b}, choose the least coordinate index j(a,b) with xj(ba)0. Such an index exists because coordinates separate distinct vectors. Define a,b(x)=(xj(a,b)(x)xj(a,b)(a))/(xj(a,b)(b)xj(a,b)(a)). Its denominator is nonzero, it is zero at a, and it is one at b.

F1given
2.1

For each bO2 put δb=aT{b}a,b, with empty product one. At b every factor is one; at any other aT the corresponding factor vanishes. Thus q=bO2δb is zero on O1 and one on O2. Set p=R(q) using F1. It is invariant. For xOj and every gG, g1x stays in Oj, so every term q(g1x) has the required constant value there. Averaging preserves that value, proving the assertion.

F1step 1.1
3.1

Distinct orbits are nonempty, so T has at least two points and no empty coordinate family is needed: in dimension zero only one orbit exists and the hypothesis cannot hold. If either orbit is a singleton, the same products work, including the orbit of the zero vector. Stabilizers never alter interpolation coefficients because T contains distinct points; Reynolds divides by the actual nonzero group order. If one instead allows an empty prescribed set, the corresponding single condition is solved by the constant zero or one polynomial, and both empty sets allow zero. The construction uses finite products and least coordinate indices, with no AC.

F1step 1.1step 2.1

Depends on

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Sources