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A finite straight-line C2 program defines a C2 map on each fixed branch

Statement

If every primitive of a finite straight-line program is C2 on the selected open branch domains, then the real-arithmetic scalar output is C2 on each fixed strict branch.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The finite graph has C2 primitive maps on its selected open branch domains.

[F1]

Finite straight-line computational programs and real-arithmetic tapes: nodes are finite and topologically ordered; each primitive is a finite-dimensional map, and C2 means that its derivative map is C1.

[F2]

Chain sum product and composition rules for Banach derivatives: compositions of differentiable maps obey the chain rule, and products under bounded bilinear maps obey the product rule. In particular this applies to multiplication of finite-dimensional linear maps.

[F3]

A finite straight-line C1 program defines a C1 map on each fixed strict branch: the admissible input domain is open on each fixed strict branch.

Proof

technique · induction on the operation order
1.1F1F3givenalgebra

Each input coordinate map is linear and has constant derivative, so it is C2. Suppose all parent-node maps of operation j are C2. The tuple gj of parent values is C2, since it is a finite product of their coordinate maps; its domain is open by [F3].

2.1F1F2step 1.1

Write zj=ϕj∘gj. By [F2], Dzj=(Dϕj∘gj)Dgj. The map Dϕj is C1 by the C2 hypothesis, and gj is C1, so Dϕj∘gj is C1 by the chain rule. The derivative map Dgj is C1 because gj is C2. Matrix multiplication is a bounded bilinear map in finite dimensions, so the product rule in [F2] makes Dzj C1. Thus zj is C2 by the definition in [F1].

3.1F1step 1.1step 2.1∎

Induction through the finite operation list gives C2 for every operation value. The scalar output is therefore C2 whether it is one of these values or an input coordinate projection. On a strict branch the selected primitive maps stay fixed on an open neighborhood; no claim is made at branch switches.

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Sources