How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Fixed finite-fragment verification for the Cohen countermodels
Statement
For each externally fixed finite fragment of , and likewise of , the Cohen forcing argument admits a finite ZFC verification for of the kind required by Forcing transfer for finite ZFC fragments. Consequently ZFC proves that a model of that particular exists. This is an externally indexed assertion about each fixed fragment; it does not assert a PA-verified uniform proof-code constructor.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: One externally fixed finite target fragment and its finite list of Separation and Replacement instances.
Forcing transfer for finite ZFC fragments converts a supplied finite formal forcing verification into a finite source fragment and a ZFC proof of a model of .
Cohen forcing raises and, under a name count, fixes the continuum proves that Cohen forcing preserves cardinals and adds at least the indexed number of distinct reals.
Proof
In ZFC let and use . The empty condition witnesses nonemptiness. The finite-partial-function definition gives the preorder and generic-coordinate names as sets. The delta-system ccc argument and the maximal-antichain cardinal-preservation argument in F2 are ZFC proofs; for this fixed , collect the finitely many axioms and schema instances they use. AC is used for the cardinal successor and the maximal-antichain argument.
For distinct , extending a condition at a fresh bit forces the and coordinate reals to differ. Thus injects into the reals of the extension. Since preserves , it forces , hence . GCH implies CH at , so the same extension forces . No ground-model CH or equality for the continuum is used.
For the chosen , include its finitely many ZFC axioms and the finite instances needed to verify the forcing relation, the generic extension, cardinal preservation, and step 2.1. The forcing theorem supplies a formal derivation that every condition forces each target member; the quantified schema instances in are handled one at a time as their actual formulas, with their translated forcing instances included in the finite source fragment. F1 now yields a ZFC proof that a model of this fixed exists. The choices of proofs and finite support may depend on ; no arithmetic uniformity or PA checker theorem follows.
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
13 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Kunen, Set Theory, Chapters VII–VIII (standard reference, not scraped)