Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-09
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Finite collection alphabets include commutators and torsion carries

Statement

A finite lower-central generating alphabet in a finitely generated nilpotent group can be enlarged to a finite alphabet closed under commutators and finite-order carries: if xγiγi+1 has order d< modulo γi+1, then xd is included (unless it is 1). Inverses are included. Every letter has its ambient lower-central depth, and changes to the chosen cyclic-factor lists have fixed finite replacement words.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: G has class c, and fixed mixed coordinates are available. Identity letters are discarded when assigning weights.

[F1]

Every element of every lower-central term has mixed coordinates in that and subsequent layers (Finite lower-central coordinate systems with torsion accounted for).

[F2]

A commutator of depths i,j has depth at least i+j unless it is the identity (Lower-central commutators add weights).

Proof

1.1

For nonidentity x, define its depth as the largest ic with xγi. Start with the given finite alphabet, the chosen coordinate lifts, and their inverses. Whenever two available letters x,y have depths i,j, add [x,y] and its inverse if nontrivial. Whenever a letter of depth i has finite order d in its factor, add xd and its inverse if nontrivial. Commutator outputs have depth at least i+j; carry outputs have depth at least i+1. Inversion preserves depth.

F1F2
2.1

This closure is finite: regard every new letter as an expression built from initial letters by inverse, carry, and binary commutator operations, absorbing inverse into each operation so it is not an extra level. Along any branch of its expression tree, every non-inversion operation strictly increases depth. No branch has more than c1 such operations. Binary trees of bounded height have bounded size; there are finitely many initial labels, and each carry exponent is uniquely determined by its input element. Induction on tree height therefore gives finitely many expressions and values. Closing under all these expressions yields the required alphabet. If c=0, it is empty after deleting identity.

step 1.1
3.1

Fix any resulting letter of depth i. Successive projection in the mixed coordinates writes it as a fixed word in the weight-i coordinate lifts followed by a word of weights at least i+1: all earlier coordinates vanish by the uniqueness construction. There are finitely many letters, so the lengths of these replacements have a common finite bound. Replacement of an inverse uses the reversed inverse word, with the same bound. Conversely fixed coordinate lifts also have finite words in any alphabet generating their lower-central term. These words account for finite changes of layer alphabets without treating redundant letters as independent coordinates.

F1step 2.1

Source notes

Druţu–Kapovich, Geometric Group Theory (837-page edition), Lemma 14.17, pp.503–504. Revised Lemma 14.17 supplies the finite closure construction. Fixed cyclic-basis replacements and inverse letters are explicitly retained.

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Sources