Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedverified 2026-10-22 (gpt-6.1-sol)
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One-sided support forces its analytic conormal wavefront

Statement

Let X be a real-analytic manifold, let x0∈X, and let Σ be a C2 hypersurface through x0, meaning that in a smooth local chart it is the graph of a C2 function with nonzero conormal ν0∈Tx0∗X. Let f∈D′(X) vanish on one side of Σ in a neighborhood of x0, meaning that in such a chart its restriction is zero on either the strict epigraph or strict subgraph of that defining function. If either (x0,ν0)∉WF⁡A(f) or (x0,−ν0)∉WF⁡A(f), then f=0 in a neighborhood of x0.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The real-analytic manifold X, a C2 hypersurface Σ through x0, a distribution f, one-sided vanishing, and the stated analytic-wavefront hypothesis.

[F1]

Distributions, conormal kernels, and cotangent relations: distributions are continuous functionals on compactly supported smooth densities, so localization to a chart is defined.

[F2]

Support of a distribution: the support is the complement of the largest open set on which the distribution vanishes.

[F3]

Both analytic normal directions at a flat support boundary: a distribution supported in a closed half-space at a support point has both oriented normal covectors in its Gaussian analytic wavefront set.

[F5]

The Euclidean inverse function theorem supplies the local inverse used to put the C2 hypersurface in graph form; differentiating the inverse identity preserves its C2 regularity.

[F4]

Analytic cutoff sequence and local FBI invariance: analytic coordinate changes preserve the Gaussian criterion with its cotangent transformation.

Proof

Given: The data in the statement.

1.1F1F5givenalgebraconstruct

Work in an analytic ambient chart centered at x0. The hypersurface remains C2 in that chart, since changing from its given smooth chart is a smooth diffeomorphism. A real linear coordinate change makes its tangent plane nonvertical. The C2 implicit graph theorem then writes it as xn=ψ(x′), with ψ of class C2: the inverse of a C2 map with invertible derivative is C2, by differentiating the identity for its inverse twice. Translate to have ψ(0)=0. Shrink to a convex x′ ball on which ∥D2ψ∥≤2C. Taylor's integral formula gives q−(x′):=Dψ(0)x′−C∣x′∣2≤ψ(x′)≤Dψ(0)x′+C∣x′∣2=:q+(x′). Both supporting quadratics are real analytic and have the same differential as ψ at 0.

2.1F1F2step 1.1algebraconstruct

Suppose first that f vanishes on the strict subgraph of ψ. Its local support lies in xn≥ψ(x′), hence in xn≥q−(x′). The analytic shear (x′,xn)↦(x′,xn−q−(x′)) has analytic inverse (y′,yn)↦(y′,yn+q−(y′)), determinant 1, and sends this latter closed side into yn≥0. If instead f vanishes on the strict epigraph, its support lies in xn≤ψ(x′)≤q+(x′) and use the corresponding analytic shear with q+. In either case the pulled-back normal dyn at 0 is dxn−Dψ(0)dx′, a nonzero scalar multiple of the supplied conormal ν0. This flattens an analytic supporting quadratic; it does not flatten the original C2 graph analytically.

3.1F2F3F4step 2.1givenalgebra∎

If f already vanishes near x0, there is nothing to prove. Otherwise x0∈supp⁡f by [F2]. Localize inside the chart. Under the appropriate shear, [F3] then puts both dyn and −dyn in the analytic wavefront set at the origin. By [F4] these are exactly both conormal orientations at x0, up to positive frequency scaling. Either absence hypothesis in the statement contradicts this conclusion. Thus f=0 near x0. Every construction used finite-dimensional coordinates and explicit quadratics; it introduces no choice assumption.

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