Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-6-luna)
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

The finite Weyl twirl is the normalized partial trace

Statement

Let H,K be finite-dimensional complex inner-product spaces with d=dim⁡K≥1, and fix an ordered orthonormal basis e0,…,ed−1 of K. Let Xej=ej+1 mod d and Zej=ωjej, where ω=exp⁡(2πi/d) (and ω=1 when d=1). For R∈End⁡(H⊗K), 1d2∑p,q=0d−1(IH⊗XpZq)R(IH⊗XpZq)†=(Tr⁡KR)⊗IK/d.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Finite-dimensional complex-inner-product spaces H,K, d=dim⁡K≥1, an ordered orthonormal basis of K, and R∈End⁡(H⊗K).

[F1]

Partial trace over a finite tensor factor: in an ordered product basis with the retained factor first, (Tr⁡KR)ii′=∑jR(i,j),(i′,j).

[F2]

Ordered tensor registers, their inner product, and wire permutations: the product basis is ordered by factor indices and elementary-tensor pairings are products of the factor pairings.

[F3]

Complex de Moivre formula for every integer exponent: integer powers of cos⁡θ+isin⁡θ equal cos⁡(nθ)+isin⁡(nθ).

[F5]

Euler's formula: exp⁡(iθ)=cos⁡θ+isin⁡θ for every real θ: exp⁡(iθ)=cos⁡θ+isin⁡θ for real θ.

Proof

1.1givenF2F3F4F5algebra

If d≥2, Euler's identity [F5] and the integer-power formula [F3] give ωm=exp⁡(2πim/d) for every integer m. By [F4], this equals 1 exactly when d divides m, so ω has exact order d and ∣ω∣=1. The shift X permutes the orthonormal basis and the phase Z multiplies its vectors by unit scalars, so both are unitary. For d=1 both are the identity. For d≥2, d−1∑q=0d−1ωqm is 1 when d∣m; otherwise multiplication by 1−ωm≠0 makes the geometric sum telescope to 1−ωmd=0, so it is 0.

2.1givenF2step 1.1algebra

Write Eab=∣ea⟩⟨eb∣ and expand R=∑a,b=0d−1Rab⊗Eab in the product basis. Direct action on basis vectors gives ZqEab(Zq)†=ωq(a−b)Eab and XpEab(Xp)†=Ea+p,b+p, with indices modulo d. Averaging first over q using step 1.1 removes every a≠b term and keeps Raa⊗Eaa.

3.1givenF1step 2.1algebra∎

For each remaining diagonal unit, d−1∑p=0d−1Ea+p,a+p=IK/d. Therefore the full average is ∑aRaa⊗IK/d. By [F1], ∑aRaa=Tr⁡KR, giving the identity. When d=1, [F1] says Tr⁡KR is the unique coefficient R00, so the same equality holds.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

35 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources