How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Joint state support is contained in the tensor product of its marginal supports
Statement
For a state on a finite-dimensional bipartite space, with marginals and ,
Consequently is finite.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A finite-dimensional bipartite density operator and the partial traces in the Statement.
Finite-dimensional quantum relative entropy: for every non-negative operator , ; support inclusion is the finiteness condition for .
Partial trace over a finite tensor factor: the second-factor marginal has entries .
Partial trace over the first tensor factor: the first-factor marginal has entries .
Partial traces of a finite bipartite state are states: both marginals are density operators.
A non-negative operator is equivalently self-adjoint with nonnegative eigenvalues, a positive semidefinite matrix in an orthonormal basis, or an operator of the form S^*S: every non-negative operator has a factorization , so zero quadratic form at implies .
A non-negative operator is equivalently self-adjoint with nonnegative eigenvalues, a positive semidefinite matrix in an orthonormal basis, or an operator of the form S^*S: a non-negative operator has an orthonormal eigenbasis with nonnegative eigenvalues.
Every finite-dimensional real or complex inner product space has an orthonormal basis: every finite-dimensional inner-product space has an orthonormal basis.
Proof
Choose an orthonormal basis of using [F7]. If , then [F2] gives . Every term is nonnegative by [F1], so every term is zero. By [F5], write ; a zero quadratic form then gives and hence . Since spans , annihilates .
Choose an orthonormal basis of using [F7]. If , then [F3] similarly gives . Positivity and [F5] show that annihilates .
Self-adjointness of implies its range is orthogonal to both subspaces annihilated in steps 1.1 and 1.2. Using the orthogonal decompositions and , the intersection of their orthogonal complements is . For non-negative its range equals its support by [F6]. The product spectral decomposition also gives . Hence the stated inclusion holds, and [F1] makes the divergence finite.
Depends on
- Finite-dimensional quantum relative entropy
- Partial traces of a finite bipartite state are states
- Density operator
- Partial trace over a finite tensor factor
- Partial trace over the first tensor factor
- Ordered tensor registers, their inner product, and wire permutations
- A non-negative operator is equivalently self-adjoint with nonnegative eigenvalues, a positive semidefinite matrix in an orthonormal basis, or an operator of the form S^*S
- Every finite-dimensional real or complex inner product space has an orthonormal basis
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- John Watrous, The Theory of Quantum Information, §5.2.2 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Mark M. Wilde, From Classical to Quantum Shannon Theory, arXiv:1106.1445v8, §11.1 (standard reference, not scraped)