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Measurable cardinals are inaccessible
Statement
In ZFC, let U be a nonprincipal kappa-complete ultrafilter on an uncountable cardinal kappa. No set of size less than kappa belongs to U, every map from kappa into an ordinal below kappa is constant on a member of U, and kappa is inaccessible.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: ZFC. Intersected singleton and fibre complements, ruled out singular cofinal partitions, and used the coordinate-decision argument to exclude an injection into a small power set; AC is used for cardinal comparison.
Complete ultrafilters and measurable cardinals: U is proper, nonprincipal and closed under intersections of fewer than kappa members.
Characterisation of ultrafilters: every set or its complement: U decides each subset and its complement exclusively.
Inaccessible and Mahlo cardinals: Inaccessibility means uncountable regular strong limit.
The Axiom of Choice: AC makes cardinalities and their comparisons available.
Proof
No singleton belongs to U: if {xi} did, upward closure and properness would make U exactly the principal ultrafilter at xi. Thus every singleton complement belongs to U. If , intersect the complements indexed by an enumeration of A; completeness puts in U, so A is not in U.
For with , if no fibre belonged to U, intersecting all eta fibre complements would put empty in U. Hence some fibre belongs to U. If kappa were singular, a cofinal sequence of length eta<kappa would partition kappa into eta bounded pieces (assign alpha the least index whose bound exceeds it). Each piece has size below kappa and is forbidden by step 1.1, contradicting the fibre conclusion. Thus kappa is regular.
If for some cardinal mu<kappa there were an injection , for each xi<mu let . Take the uniquely U-large side of each A_xi and intersect them; completeness makes the intersection U-large. All its elements have identical e-images, so injectivity makes it have at most one element, contradicting step 1.1. AC compares the cardinality of P(mu) with kappa; absence of such an injection gives . Together with regularity and uncountability this is F3. Coordinate decisions were unique and did not themselves spend AC.
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
13 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Marks Section 12 measurable-cardinal discussion; Section 23 Lemma 23.8 p.94 (standard reference, not scraped)