Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedSession-authored (Fable 5 assisted)precheck passjudge pass (deepseek-v4-pro + gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-08-13
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  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
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Mutual independence is inherited by subfamilies and by replacing events with complements

Statement

Every subfamily of a mutually independent finite family of events is mutually independent. Replacing any selection of its events by their complements also leaves a mutually independent family.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A mutually independent finite family (Ai)iI.

[L1]

If CD, then P(DC)=P(D)P(C) and P(Ac)=1P(A) (Normalization, nonnegativity, monotonicity, complements, and differences in a finite probability space).

[L2]

Mutual independence is the product identity for every nonempty subfamily (Independent events, pairwise independence, and mutual independence of a finite family).

Proof

technique · induction
1.1

With no event complemented, every intersection identity required for a subfamily is already one of the identities required for the original family.

L2base
1.2

Assume that after complementing any chosen r events, every resulting subfamily is mutually independent.

ih
2.1

Complement one further event Ai. For any intersection D of selected events other than Ai, the induction hypothesis gives P(DAi)=P(D)P(Ai). Since DAic=D(DAi), [L1] gives P(DAic)=P(D)(1P(Ai))=P(D)P(Aic). Thus every subfamily remains mutually independent after r+1 replacements.

step 1.2L1L2algebra
3.1

Induction on the number of complemented events proves the assertion for every selection. The empty intersection has probability 1 and the empty product is 1.

step 1.1step 2.1discharge-induction

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · next 3 levels

Direct dependencies and their dependencies through the next three levels: 23 results over 8 levels. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, and this result sits at the bottom with a heavier outline. Click the chart to enlarge it.

Sources