How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Mutual independence is inherited by subfamilies and by replacing events with complements
Statement
Every subfamily of a mutually independent finite family of events is mutually independent. Replacing any selection of its events by their complements also leaves a mutually independent family.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A mutually independent finite family .
Mutual independence is the product identity for every nonempty subfamily (Independent events, pairwise independence, and mutual independence of a finite family).
Proof
With no event complemented, every intersection identity required for a subfamily is already one of the identities required for the original family.
Assume that after complementing any chosen events, every resulting subfamily is mutually independent.
Complement one further event . For any intersection of selected events other than , the induction hypothesis gives . Since , [L1] gives . Thus every subfamily remains mutually independent after replacements.
Induction on the number of complemented events proves the assertion for every selection. The empty intersection has probability and the empty product is .
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · next 3 levels
Direct dependencies and their dependencies through the next three levels: 23 results over 8 levels. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, and this result sits at the bottom with a heavier outline. Click the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- C. M. Grinstead and J. L. Snell, Introduction to Probability, 2nd ed., Section 4.1 (standard reference, not scraped)
- H. Pishro-Nik, Introduction to Probability, Statistics, and Random Processes, Section 1.4.1 (standard reference, not scraped)