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Nonlinear path extension is a probability kernel
Statement
Let be finite, let be standard-Borel spaces for , and for let be probability kernels, with the kernel convention of Measure kernel and probability kernel. For , define the path-extension kernel from to by Then is a probability kernel and is standard Borel. Its ordered iterates append the nonlinear states with the original transition law.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The nonlinear path spaces, transition kernels, and definition in the Statement.
Each is standard Borel, meaning measurably isomorphic to a Polish space, and each is a probability kernel. Standard Borel spaces Measure kernel and probability kernel
Finite products of standard-Borel spaces, with the finite-product sigma-algebra, are standard Borel. Finite products of standard Borel spaces are standard Borel
The finite-product sigma-algebra is generated by measurable coordinate rectangles. The product sigma-algebra and its finite iterates
Kernel sections are measures, probability sections have mass one, and their set evaluations are measurable. Measure kernel and probability kernel
Integrating a nonnegative product-measurable function against a probability kernel gives a measurable function of the source point. Measurability of integration against a kernel
Proof
Given: The hypotheses in the Statement.
By [F2], both finite path spaces carry their stated product sigma-algebras and the target path space is standard Borel. Fix a prefix . The append map is measurable: the inverse image of a generating rectangle is either empty or the final-coordinate measurable set, and [F3] generates the target sigma-algebra from these rectangles. Thus is the pushforward of the probability measure and is a probability measure.
The projection is measurable, so composing each set-evaluation map with this projection gives a probability kernel from the prefix space to . The function is product-measurable. By [F5], its integral against this composed kernel is measurable in the prefix. Together with step 1.1, this proves that has probability-measure sections and measurable set evaluations, hence is a probability kernel. Iterating the definition appends each state using exactly because at each step the indicator is evaluated on the already fixed prefix and the new coordinate.
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Simo Särkkä, Bayesian Filtering and Smoothing, Chapter 7, §7.5 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Arnaud Doucet and Adam M. Johansen, A Tutorial on Particle Filtering and Smoothing: Fifteen Years Later, §3.3 (standard reference, not scraped)