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LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-generatedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-6-luna)verified 2026-10-22 (gpt-6.1-sol)
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Oriented bordism classes over a space form an abelian group

Statement

For every path-connected CW space X, disjoint union makes ΩnSO(X) an abelian group with identity the empty manifold with its unique map to X and inverse of (M,f) represented by (−M,f).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A path-connected CW space X and the bordism classes of closed oriented n-manifolds equipped with maps to X.

[F1]

A bordism class is represented by a pair (M,f), and its equivalence is witnessed by a compact oriented bordism with an extending map to X. Oriented bordism groups of maps to a space

Proof

1.1F1givenconstruct

The sum is well-defined: if Fi:Wi→X are bordisms witnessing equivalences of pairs for i=0,1, then W0⊔W1 with map F0⊔F1 is a bordism witnessing the equivalence of the disjoint unions. Boundary orientations are inherited componentwise.

2.1F1step 1.1algebra

Disjoint union is associative and commutative up to the orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms that rebracket or permute its components; composing the maps with these diffeomorphisms preserves the bordism classes. The empty manifold with its unique map is a two-sided identity.

3.1F1step 1.1step 2.1construct∎

The cylinder M×[0,1] with map f∘pr⁡M has boundary (M,f)⊔(−M,f) under the product orientation convention. Thus (−M,f) is a two-sided inverse of (M,f), so the operation is an abelian group operation.

Depends on

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