How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
A non-hereditarily-Lindelof regular space yields an ideal witness
Statement
Let be a regular Hausdorff space that is not hereditarily Lindelöf. Then has a right-separated subspace and open sets such that
The countable closed sets generate modulo finite an -generated ideal of countable subsets of . Every uncountable subset of inside is nonseparable, and every uncountable subset outside is discrete and hence nonseparable.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: ZFC and the space in the statement.
L-spaces, S-spaces, and strong S-spaces gives hereditary Lindelöfness and separability their all-subspaces meanings.
Regularity and Hausdorffness pass to subspaces (, , , regularity, , complete regularity, and Tychonoffness are hereditary).
In a regular space, if and is open, there is open with (A space is regular if and only if every point has a neighbourhood base of closed neighbourhoods, if and only if open gives an open with ).
The simple dichotomy for omega-one-generated ideals defines generation modulo finite and the inside and outside predicates.
The Axiom of Choice supplies the length- recursive choices, the chosen cover members, and countable enumerations. Hausdorffness supplies closed singletons, so removing finitely many points preserves openness.
Proof
By [F1], some subspace has an open cover with no countable subcover. Recursively for , the earlier chosen do not cover , so choose and then choose containing . This also makes the distinct.
Put . If , construction gives . Hence is a neighbourhood of contained in the initial segment . The union of these neighbourhoods for shows that every is open in , so is right-separated.
By [F2], is regular and Hausdorff. Apply [F3] inside to : choose open with . The set is closed in and countable because .
Let be the ideal generated modulo finite by the . Explicitly, a countable lies in exactly when for some finite . The defining family consists of countable members, and the formula is downward closed, closed under finite unions, and contains every finite set.
Let be uncountable and inside , and let be countable. By inside-ness and step 4.1, for some finite and finite . The set is countable and closed in the Hausdorff space : the are closed and the finite set is closed. Choose . Then the nonempty open subset of misses , so is not dense in . Since this holds for every countable , the space is nonseparable.
Let instead be uncountable and outside . For , outside-ness gives finite. Remove from the finite closed set . The result is an open neighbourhood in whose intersection with is exactly , so is discrete. Every dense subset of a discrete space is the whole space; because is uncountable, it is nonseparable.
Steps 1.1–4.1 give the promised right-separated sequence, closed neighbourhoods, and generated ideal, while steps 5.1 and 5.2 prove both nonseparability conclusions. The construction starts at with no earlier cover members; every and is nonempty because it contains ; finite generator lists and finite errors may be empty; and all nonempty recursive selections are the uses of AC recorded in [F5].
Depends on
- L-spaces, S-spaces, and strong S-spaces
- The simple dichotomy for omega-one-generated ideals
- $T_0$, $T_1$, $T_2$, regularity, $T_3$, complete regularity, and Tychonoffness are hereditary
- A space is regular if and only if every point has a neighbourhood base of closed neighbourhoods, if and only if $x \in U$ open gives an open $V$ with $x \in V \subseteq \overline{V} \subseteq U$
- The Axiom of Choice
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
21 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Abraham, Three applications of ideal dichotomy, slides 2–4 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Abraham, Lecture notes on the P-ideal dichotomy, Theorem 1.5 proof, rendered lines 208–226 (standard reference, not scraped)