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LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-generatedSession-authored (Fable 5 assisted)precheck passaudited 2026-08-28
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The Schreier coset graph is connected and deterministic

Statement

Let F(X) be a free group on X, let HF(X), and let SchX(H) be the labeled Schreier coset graph. Then:

  1. SchX(H) is connected.
  2. For every vertex Hg and every xX, there is exactly one outgoing x-edge from Hg and exactly one incoming x-edge into Hg.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A free group F(X), a subgroup HF(X), and its labeled Schreier coset graph.

[L1]

A free group on a set X is a group F(X) equipped with the universal property for maps out of X (Free group on a set of generators).

[L2]

Words, elementary cancellations, and reduced words on XX1 are defined as in Words in an alphabet with formal inverses, elementary cancellation, and reduced words.

[L3]

The Schreier graph has vertices the right cosets Hg and an x-labeled edge HgHgx for each xX (The labeled Schreier coset graph of a subgroup of a free group).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Let KF(X) be the subgroup generated by the image of X. The inclusion XK extends, by [L1], to a homomorphism ϕ:F(X)K, and the inclusion KF(X) composed with ϕ agrees with the identity of F(X) on X. Uniqueness in [L1] therefore forces (KF(X))ϕ=idF(X), so K=F(X). Thus every element of F(X) is represented by a word on XX1.

L1givenconstruct
2.1

Let Hg be any vertex. Choose a word a1an on XX1 that represents g, and delete adjacent inverse pairs until the word is reduced. Reading the remaining letters from the base vertex H follows the edges of [L3] forward for letters in X and backward for letters in X1, and after the first j letters one is at the coset Ha1aj. The final vertex is therefore Hg, so the graph is connected.

L2L3step 1.1
3.1

For fixed Hg and xX, [L3] gives exactly one outgoing x-edge, namely HgHgx. The same edge starts at Hgx1 and ends at Hg, so it is also the unique incoming x-edge into Hg. This is the required determinism.

L3

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

7 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources