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Real names are captured and coded meagre unions are absorbed
Statement
In the generic extension by the final algebra of the CH-length construction, every name for a real, for a Borel code, or for a countable sequence of ordinals is equivalent to a name over some . Consequently, for every such sequence , a later quotient makes the union of all meagre Borel sets coded in meagre. When the construction starts over , the choices made by the generic on the countably many deciding antichains for are coded by one real, while the ground-model name and antichain enumerations have ordinal codes; hence is definable from that real and finitely many ordinals.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A -generic filter over a ground model , the CH-length chain of Shelah's CH-length homogeneous sweet construction with union , and a -name for a real, a Borel code, or a countable sequence of ordinals.
Shelah's CH-length homogeneous sweet construction: the sweetness-model chain is continuous, each is a complete subalgebra of , the final identity is , and is ccc. Arbitrarily late successor quotients carry the canonical UM presentation; in particular, every antichain in is countable.
Forcing theorem: forcing is definable and satisfies the truth lemma.
Monotonicity, density, and decision for forcing: for each formula the conditions deciding it are dense; with The Axiom of Choice, one may extend a maximal antichain inside each such dense set.
Assuming countable choice: every at most countable subset of is bounded below , so no at most countable subset of is cofinal in it, and a supremum of at most countably many at most countable ordinals is at most countable with The Axiom of Choice: a countable set of ordinals below is bounded, and the countably many birth stages of the data of a name can be enumerated.
A universal-meagre generic absorbs old nowhere-dense sets: a quotient absorbs all ground-model closed nowhere-dense sets into a single coded meagre envelope.
The canonical definable global well-order of L: in a constructible ground every forcing name, antichain and enumeration used below has a canonical ordinal code; the same well-order is computed internally in .
Proof
Capture of reals: let be a -name for a real. For each , [F3] makes the set of conditions deciding the value of dense; use Choice to take a maximal antichain in that dense set, labelled by the decided value or . Each is countable by the ccc in [F1]. Thus is countable, and the set of stages in which its members occur is countable and bounded by some by [F4]. Since is complete in , every remains maximal in . The labelled antichains therefore define a -name ; for every generic , the unique member of gives both and , so the two names have the same value coordinatewise. Hence every real name is equivalent to a -name.
Capture of countable ordinal sequences and Borel codes: for a name forced to be a function from to the ordinals, apply [F3] to each coordinate and choose a maximal antichain every member of which decides that coordinate as a check ordinal. The forcing theorem guarantees that this deciding set is dense; no upper bound on the decided ordinals is assumed in advance. The union of the antichains is countable by [F1] and Choice, so [F4] bounds the birth stages of all its Boolean conditions below one . The ordinal labels are ground objects and may be used unchanged in the resulting -name. A Borel-code name is a name for a hereditarily countable code; decide the entries of a fixed real/ordinal coding in the same way.
Suppose now that the ground is . The original name is a ground set, and [F6] assigns it an ordinal code. For every coordinate choose the -least maximal deciding antichain and its -least enumeration (padding a finite antichain). The entire sequence of labelled enumerations is a constructible set and therefore has one further ordinal code. The generic meets exactly one for each ; encode the resulting sequence of indices by one real . From and the two ordinal codes, the canonical well-order reconstructs the name, every labelled antichain, and hence every value . Thus is definable from one real and finitely many ordinals. This argument uses the complete stage embeddings to locate the antichains; it does not claim that an ultrafilter on an arbitrary countably generated complete algebra is generated by algebra generators.
Absorption at a later UM quotient: let capture , so . Choose for which the next quotient has the canonical UM presentation from [F1]. Then every closed nowhere-dense code in is old for that exact UM forcing. By [F5], their union is contained in one meagre envelope coded by the quotient generic. Every meagre Borel code includes a countable closed-nowhere-dense cover, so the same envelope contains the union of all meagre Borel sets coded in . No transport of absorption through bare forcing equivalence is invoked.
The steps above prove the capture clauses and the absorption clause, and step 3.1 gives the constructible real-and-ordinal presentation; this is the Statement.
Depends on
- Shelah's CH-length homogeneous sweet construction
- Assuming countable choice: every at most countable subset of $\omega_1$ is bounded below $\omega_1$, so no at most countable subset of $\omega_1$ is cofinal in it, and a supremum of at most countably many at most countable ordinals is at most countable
- Forcing theorem
- Monotonicity, density, and decision for forcing
- A universal-meagre generic absorbs old nowhere-dense sets
- The canonical definable global well-order of L
- The Axiom of Choice
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
45 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Saharon Shelah, Can You Take Solovay's Inaccessible Away? (standard reference, not scraped)