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PropositionStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedprecheck passaudited 2026-09-04
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If the kernel is complete, the extension splits over its centralizer

Statement

Let

1→N→iE→πQ→1

be a group extension. If N is complete, then E is the internal direct product of i(N) and CE(i(N)). In particular, the extension splits.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The displayed extension, with N complete.

[L1]

A complete group has trivial center and trivial outer automorphism group (Complete group).

[L2]

Every extension determines a homomorphism Q→Out⁡(N) (A group extension induces a well-defined outer action on its kernel).

[L3]

The centralizer CE(i(N)) consists of the elements of E commuting with every element of i(N) (The centralizer CG(H) of a subgroup).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L1L2given

By [L2], the extension defines a homomorphism ω:Q→Out⁡(N). Since Out⁡(N)=1 by [L1], this homomorphism is trivial. Therefore for every g∈E, conjugation by g on i(N) is an inner automorphism.

1.2L1L3algebra

If x∈i(N)∩CE(i(N)), then x commutes with every element of i(N). Under the identification of i(N) with N, this says that x lies in Z(N), which is trivial by [L1]. So i(N)∩CE(i(N))=1.

2.1L3step 1.1algebra

Fix g∈E. By step 1.1 there exists γ∈N such that g i(n) g−1=i(γnγ−1) for all n∈N. Then i(γ)−1g commutes with every element of i(N), so i(γ)−1g∈CE(i(N)). Hence every g∈E lies in i(N)CE(i(N)), and therefore E=i(N)CE(i(N)).

3.1L3L4step 2.1step 1.2∎

Because every element of CE(i(N)) commutes with every element of i(N) by [L3], the two subgroups centralize one another. Together with steps 2.1 and 1.2, this makes E the internal direct product of i(N) and CE(i(N)). In particular CE(i(N)) is a complement to i(N), so [L4] gives a split extension.

Depends on

Used by

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Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources