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PropositionStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedprecheck passaudited 2026-09-04
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If the kernel is complete, the extension splits over its centralizer

Statement

Let

1NiEπQ1

be a group extension. If N is complete, then E is the internal direct product of i(N) and CE(i(N)). In particular, the extension splits.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The displayed extension, with N complete.

[L1]

A complete group has trivial center and trivial outer automorphism group (Complete group).

[L2]

Every extension determines a homomorphism QOut(N) (A group extension induces a well-defined outer action on its kernel).

[L3]

The centralizer CE(i(N)) consists of the elements of E commuting with every element of i(N) (The centralizer CG(H) of a subgroup).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

By [L2], the extension defines a homomorphism ω:QOut(N). Since Out(N)=1 by [L1], this homomorphism is trivial. Therefore for every gE, conjugation by g on i(N) is an inner automorphism.

L1L2given
1.2

If xi(N)CE(i(N)), then x commutes with every element of i(N). Under the identification of i(N) with N, this says that x lies in Z(N), which is trivial by [L1]. So i(N)CE(i(N))=1.

L1L3algebra
2.1

Fix gE. By step 1.1 there exists γN such that gi(n)g1=i(γnγ1) for all nN. Then i(γ)1g commutes with every element of i(N), so i(γ)1gCE(i(N)). Hence every gE lies in i(N)CE(i(N)), and therefore E=i(N)CE(i(N)).

L3step 1.1algebra
3.1

Because every element of CE(i(N)) commutes with every element of i(N) by [L3], the two subgroups centralize one another. Together with steps 2.1 and 1.2, this makes E the internal direct product of i(N) and CE(i(N)). In particular CE(i(N)) is a complement to i(N), so [L4] gives a split extension.

L3L4step 2.1step 1.2

Depends on

Used by

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Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources