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PropositionStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-14
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Orientation is equivalent to an SO(n)-reduction

Statement

For a numerable rank-n real vector bundle with a supplied bundle metric, orientations are naturally in bijection with reductions of its orthonormal frame bundle from O(n) to SO(n). Orientation-preserving isometries preserve these reductions.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A rank-n real bundle ξX with a bundle metric.

[F1]

Orientations, positive frames, principal frame bundles, and reductions of structure group have the conventions of Oriented real bundles and oriented frame bundles.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

The orthonormal frames form a principal O(n)-subbundle of Fr(ξ): Gram–Schmidt in a bundle chart gives local orthonormal frames, and any two differ by a unique orthogonal matrix. Given an orientation, let Q consist of its positive orthonormal frames. In oriented orthonormal charts, QU×SO(n), and every orthonormal frame is a positive one followed by an element of O(n). Thus Q is an SO(n)-reduction in the sense of [F1].

F1algebra
2.1

Conversely, let Q be an SO(n)-reduction. At x, transport the standard orientation of Rn through any qQx. Replacing q by qh with hSO(n) does not change the orientation. A local section of Q makes the choice continuous, so it defines an orientation of ξ.

F1step 1.1
3.1

Starting from an orientation, step 2.1 applied to its positive orthonormal frames returns that orientation. Starting from Q, the positive orthonormal frames for the resulting orientation are exactly Q, since each O(n)-fiber has precisely the determinant-positive coset. Hence the constructions are inverse.

F1step 1.1step 2.1
4.1

An orientation-preserving isometry of metric bundles carries positive orthonormal frames to positive orthonormal frames and hence carries the associated reduction to the associated reduction. When n=0, both groups and the frame fiber are singletons, and the same conclusion holds.

F1step 3.1algebra

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