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The singular homology of a disjoint union is the direct sum
Statement
Let be a disjoint union of topological spaces, and let be an abelian group. Then for every ,
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A disjoint union , an abelian group , and an integer .
Singular homology is computed from the singular chain complex (The singular chain complex and singular homology).
In the disjoint-union topology, each summand is an open and closed subspace of (The disjoint union (coproduct) with the final topology of the canonical injections: a set is open exactly when each of its traces is).
Proof
The standard simplex is path-connected: if and are points of , the straight-line map stays in . Therefore any singular simplex has connected image. Since the sets are pairwise disjoint and clopen by [L2], the image of lies in exactly one summand .
Step 1.1 identifies with the direct sum of the chain groups , degree by degree, and the singular boundary preserves the chosen summand because each face of a simplex in still lands in . Thus as chain complexes.
Cycles and boundaries of a direct-sum chain complex are taken componentwise, so homology also splits componentwise. Applying [L1] to the chain-complex isomorphism of step 2.1 yields
Depends on
Used by
- Local sphere orientations and finite puncture excision Lemma
- One handle changes relative homology in one degree only Lemma
- The diagonal and graph classes contract to the alternating trace Lemma
- The L-genus is an oriented rational bordism ring homomorphism Lemma
- The middle-dimensional intersection form is symmetric and nondegenerate Lemma
- The signature is additive under disjoint union and negates under orientation reversal Lemma
- Top de Rham integration equals fundamental-class evaluation Lemma
- The relative handle chain complex computes H_*(W,M₀) and has the intersection matrix as its differential Proposition
- Lefschetz-Hopf index formula Theorem
- Poincare-Hopf for closed manifolds Theorem
- Singular homology satisfies dimension and arbitrary additivity Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
11 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Allen Hatcher, Algebraic Topology (standard reference, not scraped)