How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Turing reducibility is strictly weaker than computable many-one reducibility
Statement
There exist languages and such that but . In particular,
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The acceptance language and its complement .
The language is recognizable, by The Turing-machine acceptance problem is recognizable.
A language is decidable exactly when both it and its complement are recognizable, by A language is decidable if and only if it and its complement are recognizable.
The language is undecidable, by The Turing-machine acceptance problem is undecidable.
Proof
With oracle access to , an input belongs to exactly when the oracle answers "no" to the single query . So the machine that asks that one query and flips the answer halts on every input and decides . Hence .
Suppose instead that . Then would be recognizable because is recognizable by [L1] and recognizability transfers backward along many-one reductions. Since [L1] also makes recognizable, [L2] would imply that is decidable, contradicting [L3]. Therefore .
Steps 1.1 and 1.2 exhibit a Turing reduction that is not a many-one reduction, so Turing reducibility is strictly weaker than computable many-one reducibility.
Depends on
- Computable many-one reductions between languages
- Turing reductions via oracle deciders
- The Turing-machine acceptance problem $A_{TM}$
- The Turing-machine acceptance problem is recognizable
- The Turing-machine acceptance problem is undecidable
- A language is decidable if and only if it and its complement are recognizable
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
16 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- MIT 6.045J / 18.400J, Lecture 9: Mapping Reducibility and Rice's Theorem (standard reference, not scraped)