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The empty partition generates an integrable highest weight submodule of highest weight Λ0

Statement

In the charge-0 partition Fock space the vacuum ∅ has Ei∅=0, Ki∅=qδi0∅ and Kd∅=∅, so its weight is Λ0. The nonzero cyclic submodule M:=Uq(g)∣∅⟩ is the simple integrable highest weight module V(Λ0); its integral lattice is UA−∣∅⟩ for A=Z[q,q−1], and its crystal is the empty graph component, identified in The crystal of the level-one Fock space is the good-node partition graph rather than equated with the module.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The charge-0 partition Fock space with the node operators, the vacuum and the universal integrable highest weight module of weight Λ0.

[F1]

The empty partition has one addable node, of residue 0, and no removable nodes; hence Fi∅=∣□⟩ for i=0 and 0 otherwise, Ei∅=0 and Ki∅=qδi0∅ (The addable-minus-removable node count is the level-one Cartan pairing, The level-one partition Fock space and node residues).

[F2]

F satisfies all defining relations of the affine algebra and is integrable (The Fock space node formulas satisfy the quantum affine relations).

[F3]

For dominant integral Λ0, V(Λ0) is the simple universal integrable highest weight module with normalized highest vector v0. If m is a nonzero highest vector of this weight in an integrable module, then the assignment v0↦m extends to a homomorphism V(Λ0)→Uqm; the map is unique after normalizing that vector (The integrable quantum highest weight module exists and is unique, Quantum weight modules, weights in P, and integrability).

[F4]

The normalized operators preserve the raw partition lattice F0 and its partition residues form the fixed-residue tensor crystals; the divided node matrices are Laurent-integral (Fixed-residue node cubes realize the actual Fock strings).

[F5]

The canonical lower lattice L(Λ0) is the A0-span of Kashiwara lowering words on the normalized highest vector and is a crystal lattice generating V(Λ0). Its residue basis is connected and lowering-generated, and at every weight other than Λ0 the common kernel of all induced e~i on the residue space is zero (The Kashiwara lattices L(λ) and L(∞) and their generating sets, The canonical crystal B(λ) is a highest weight crystal of highest weight λ).

[F6]

Kashiwara operators are linear, shift weights and commute with weight-module homomorphisms (The Kashiwara operators e~i and f~i of an integrable module).

Proof

technique · identify the vacuum as a highest weight vector and use the universal property of the simple integrable module
1.1F1givenalgebra

The vacuum data. By [F1] the vacuum is killed by all Ei, is a Ki-eigenvector with eigenvalue qδi0 and a Kd-eigenvector with eigenvalue 1, so wt(∅)=Λ0 by the node-count pairing; in particular the vacuum is a highest weight vector of weight Λ0.

2.1step 1.1F2F3givenalgebra

Integrability and the highest-vector relations. The nonzero cyclic submodule M=Uq∣∅⟩ inherits integrability and the label grading from F by [F2]. Its generator has the highest-vector data of step 1.1, so it meets the integrable highest-vector hypothesis of [F3]. No assertion about the weight of a highest vector in an arbitrary submodule is needed.

3.1step 2.1F2F3F4givenalgebra

Identification and the integral lattice. By [F3] the normalized assignment v0↦∣∅⟩ extends to a homomorphism V(Λ0)→M. It is surjective since the image contains the cyclic generator, and injective since its kernel is a submodule of the simple source and the map is nonzero. Thus M≅V(Λ0), which proves simplicity as well as the highest weight identification. The divided node operators preserve the partition Laurent lattice by [F4]; hence UA−∣∅⟩ is an A-submodule of that lattice, and it spans M over Q(q) because ordinary lower words are scalar multiples of divided lower words. This is the claimed integral lattice.

4.1step 3.1F4F5F6algebra

The lower lattice inside M. Transport L(Λ0) to M by step 3.1 and call its image LM. By [F4]-[F6], its lowering-word generators lie in F0, so LM⊆M∩F0. Both lattices have top part A0∣∅⟩. For the reverse inclusion, induct on ht⁡(Λ0−μ). If u∈(M∩F0)μ and μ≠Λ0, every e~iu lies in LM by lattice stability, naturality and the induction hypothesis. Since LM generates M over Q(q), choose the least n≥0 with qnu∈LM. If n>0, its nonzero residue in (LM/qLM)μ is killed by every e~i, because qne~iu∈qLM. This contradicts [F5]. Hence n=0 and LM=M∩F0. All inductions concern finite root height and require no choice principle.

5.1step 4.1F4F5F6algebra

The crystal component. The equality in step 4.1 implies LM∩qF0=qLM: if u=qv∈LM with v∈F0, then v=q−1u∈M∩F0=LM. Thus LM/qLM injects into F0/qF0. By naturality and the lowering-word descriptions of [F4]-[F5], the canonical residue basis maps into the partition residue basis, its highest element maps to the empty partition, and every other image is reached by lowering arrows. The image is closed under both crystal operators, since the canonical basis is a crystal basis and the inclusion commutes with them. It is therefore exactly the connected component containing the empty partition. This proves the crystal assertion without identifying its graph vertices with standard field vectors.

6.1step 1.1step 3.1step 4.1step 5.1∎

Conclusion. The vacuum is a highest weight vector of weight Λ0, its cyclic submodule is the simple integrable V(Λ0) with integral lattice UA−∣∅⟩, and its canonical lower lattice is M∩F0, whose residue crystal is the empty graph component.

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