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TheoremStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-10
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Tree cones at all basepoints and scales imply uniform slimness

Statement

Assume AC. Fix one free ultrafilter ω. If a geodesic space X has a real tree as Cone⁡ω(X,e,λ) for every sequence e of basepoints and every positive sequence λn→0 ordinarily, then some finite δ≥0 makes every chosen geodesic triangle in X δ-slim.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A geodesic space with every stated cone a real tree, one fixed free ultrafilter, and AC.

[F1]

There is M>0 controlling two sides with common endpoint when the other endpoints are at distance greater than one. (Tree cones force uniform control of sides with a common endpoint).

[F2]

Oriented sides through bounded regions have full represented interval/ray/line limits. (Limits of geodesic segments, rays and lines).

[F3]

Triangle extrema, tripod equivalence, common tails for finite-Hausdorff rays, and uniqueness of finite-Hausdorff lines hold. (Triangle extrema and the tripod and branch rules for real trees).

[F4]

AC selects violating triangles, nearest points and side families. (The Axiom of Choice).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1algebra

The two-side bound extends to dH([x,y],[x,z])≤Cmax⁡(1,d(y,z)), with C=4M+4. Only d(y,z)≤1 needs work. If d(x,y)≥3, let y′ be three units before y on its side. Then 2≤d(y′,z)≤4, so [F1] gives dH([x,y′],[x,z])≤4M; restoring the last length-three piece increases this by at most three. If d(x,y)<3, then d(x,z)<4 and both sides lie within four of their common endpoint, giving Hausdorff distance at most four.

1.2F3F4

If there is no uniform slimness bound, use AC to choose a triangle for each n whose slimness dn>n. Maximize distance to the other two sides over all three sides, and rename so the maximizing point is an∈[xn,yn] with nearest point bn∈[yn,zn] at distance dn. Let cn∈[xn,zn] be nearest to an, and put Dn=d(an,cn)≥dn. Crucially every point of each of the three sides is within dn of the other two.

2.1step 1.2F2

In the cone based at an at scales 1/dn, write a=[an], b=[bn]. It is a real tree, d(a,b)=1, and every represented point of either opposite side is at distance at least one from a. The full side [xn,yn] survives and contains a; [yn,zn] survives and contains b. Nearest points with bounded rescaled distances give points on the full represented limits by [F2].

3.1step 1.1step 2.1F2F3

First suppose the extended limit of Dn/dn is finite. Then c=[cn] survives (modify exceptional coordinates as needed). Apply step 1.1 to the pairs of half-sides toward xn, toward yn, and toward zn, starting respectively at (an,cn), (an,bn) and (bn,cn). The resulting Hausdorff bounds remain finite after scaling because these three starting-point distances are bounded after scaling. Each pair limits either to segments with the same terminal endpoint or to rays with common tails by [F3]. The finite/infinite status matches in each pair because their startpoints stay at bounded distance.

3.2step 1.1step 2.1F2F3

It remains that Dn/dn→ω+∞. Every point of the third side is then out of bounded rescaled range from an, since its distance is at least Dn. In particular xn,zn escape. The two surviving sides S,T are either rays from a common finite y=[yn], or lines when yn also escapes. Orient their halves toward y positively, using a and b as origins. step 1.1 applied to [an,yn] and [bn,yn] makes the two positive halves either terminate at the same y or share a positive tail.

4.1step 3.1step 2.1F2F3

Choose a point x∗ common to the two terminal half-sides toward x: take their common finite endpoint, or a point sufficiently far down their common tail past both starting points. Choose y∗,z∗ similarly. On the full first side the points x∗,a,y∗ occur in that order, since its two halves have opposite signed parameters. The other full sides similarly contain [y∗,z∗] and [z∗,x∗]. The finite triangle with these endpoints is a tripod in the cone; hence a∈[x∗,y∗] belongs to the union of its other two sides. This contradicts the distance-at-least-one conclusion of step 2.1. This construction includes finite zero-length terminal legs and does not invoke an ideal-boundary theorem.

4.2step 1.2step 3.2F2F3F4

For every fixed t≥0, take the point at rescaled parameter t on [bn,zn], clamping at its endpoint when necessary. These sequences are bounded because d(an,bn)/dn=1. Global maximality in step 1.2 gives distance at most dn to [xn,yn]∪[xn,zn]. The second set is farther than Dn from an, so cannot supply this bound on a large set: the selected point is within 1+t of an after scaling. Thus it has a bounded nearest point on the first side, and its limit has distance at most one from S. Every point of the entire negative half-ray of T is therefore within one of S.

5.1step 2.1step 3.2step 4.2F3∎

If y is finite, S,T are rays from y. Distinct rays from one origin split and their distance to each other grows without bound along either tail, by the tripod rule, contradicting step 4.2. If y is infinite, the two lines share a positive tail by step 3.2. If distinct, their intersection is a closed terminal ray: it cannot have a gap by uniqueness of segments. Beyond its finite initial point their negative rays split, and the distance from a point on the negative tail of T to S is its distance back to that split point, which is unbounded. Again step 4.2 excludes this. Thus in both cases S=T, contradicting a∈S and d(a,T)≥1. Both extended-ratio cases being impossible, a finite uniform slimness constant exists. The empty space has this property vacuously.

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