How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The canonical bidual map is an isometry
Statement
Let or . For every normed , the map is linear and for every . In particular it is injective.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The spaces, maps, scalar field, and hypotheses in the statement above. All duals consist of linear functionals over the ambient field; evaluation has no conjugation.
From The canonical evaluation map into the bidual, with its stated hypotheses: Let or . For a normed , define With the dual norm from def-dual-space-of-a-normed-space, evaluation is linear in and , so is a bounded functional on . The map is canonical and uses no chosen basis or conjugation.
From Every nonzero vector has a norming functional, with its stated hypotheses: Let be a normed space over or , and let be nonzero. Then there exists such that
Proof
For , evaluation gives for every . Also gives .
If , a norming satisfies and , so . For both norms are zero. Equality of norms now forces only for , including when is the zero space.
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
5 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Bühler–Salamon, Functional Analysis, Lemma 2.68, p.88 (standard reference, not scraped)