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The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
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These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Cauchy sequences form a commutative ring
Statement
The set of Cauchy sequences of rationals, with termwise addition and multiplication and the constant sequences and , is a commutative ring with identity.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Cauchy sequences and a rational .
Cauchy: for every rational there is an index beyond which any two terms differ by less than .
is a field; ring axioms hold termwise (The rationals form a field).
Triangle inequality and (Absolute value and the triangle inequality).
Cauchy sequences are bounded (Every Cauchy sequence of rationals is bounded).
Ordered-field arithmetic: , are positive rationals for (The rationals form a totally ordered field).
Proof
Termwise, all ring axioms (associativity, commutativity, identities, inverses for , distributivity) hold in because they hold in at every index; the constant sequences are Cauchy. What needs proof is closure of under , negation, and .
Fix with for and likewise for .
Fix rational bounds with and for all .
Sum: for , ; so is Cauchy. Negation likewise: .
Set and fix with for and for .
Product: for , ; so is Cauchy.
is closed under addition, negation, and multiplication, contains and , and satisfies the ring axioms termwise: a commutative ring with identity.
Depends on
Used by
- The real numbers Definition
- Null rational sequences form a maximal ideal in the ring of rational Cauchy sequences Example
- The Cauchy sequences of rationals form a commutative ring that is not an integral domain: two eventually-constant sequences with disjoint supports multiply to zero Example
- The reals are the quotient of rational Cauchy sequences by the maximal ideal of null sequences Example
- Null sequences form an ideal Lemma
- The null ideal is maximal Lemma
- The reals form a field Theorem
Dependency tree · next 3 levels
Direct dependencies and their dependencies through the next three levels: 28 results over 15 levels. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, and this result sits at the bottom with a heavier outline. Click the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- T. Tao, Analysis I, 3rd ed., §5.3 (standard reference, not scraped)
- L. S. Krapp, Constructions of the real numbers: a set theoretical approach (Oxford, 2014) (standard reference, not scraped)