How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The constructible universe satisfies AC
Statement
ZF proves the Axiom of Choice relativized to . Ambient Choice is not assumed: the dependency on The Axiom of Choice specifies the conclusion, not an additional axiom of this proof.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: ZF only. The canonical order is internally definable; its unique minima produce a choice graph by already proved internal Replacement. AC is a conclusion dependency only.
The canonical definable global well-order of L: L has an internally definable canonical well-order.
Replacement in L: Replacement is available inside L for the least-element function.
Separation in the constructible universe: Separation inside L can restrict the internally definable order to a set.
Elementary ZF axioms inside L: Pairing holds inside L.
The Axiom of Choice: The required conclusion is that each set family of nonempty sets has a choice function.
Proof
Let be internally a family of nonempty sets. Transitivity makes every an actual nonempty subset of L. Inside L, separate the restriction of its canonical order to b; this is a well-order by F1, so b has a unique least element . The rule specifying m is one fixed internal formula, with no chosen ordering parameter.
Internal Replacement applied to produces a graph with domain a, since internal Pairing in F4 constructs the ordered pairs. The uniqueness in step 1.1 makes g a function and for each . If a is empty this graph is empty. Thus g is the choice function required by F5. AC was proved internally; it was not invoked to choose the least elements.
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
14 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Geschke Theorem 5.9 pp17–18; Marks Theorem 20.9 p88 (standard reference, not scraped)