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TheoremStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-14
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Differential second Bianchi identity

Statement

For the Levi–Civita connection,

(XR)(Y,Z)+(YR)(Z,X)+(ZR)(X,Y)=0.

After lowering the output index, the equivalent covariant form is

(XRm)(Y,Z,U,V)+(YRm)(Z,X,U,V)+(ZRm)(X,Y,U,V)=0.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

Curvature of any bundle connection obeys dΩ=0. Second Bianchi identity for a bundle connection.

[F2]

The Riemann four-tensor is obtained by lowering the curvature output with the Riemannian metric. Riemann curvature four-tensor.

[F3]

Induced tensor connections commute with fixed permutations and contractions. Induced connections commute with contraction and permutation.

[F4]

Torsion freeness of the Levi–Civita connection gives [A,B]=ABBA. Levi civita connection.

Proof

Given: Smooth vector fields X,Y,Z,U,V and the torsion-free, metric-compatible Levi–Civita connection.

1.1

Expanding the alternating definition of dR gives three output-derivative terms and the bracket terms R([X,Y],Z)+R([X,Z],Y)R([Y,Z],X). Replace every bracket by [A,B]=ABBA using [F4], and use skewness of the two-form R. The six resulting argument-derivative terms are exactly those subtracted in the tensor covariant derivatives, so dR(X,Y,Z)=(XR)(Y,Z)+(YR)(Z,X)+(ZR)(X,Y).

F1F4algebra
2.1

Specialize [F1] to the tangent bundle to make the left side of step 1.1 zero, proving the first displayed identity. Since the Levi–Civita connection preserves g, lowering the output in [F2] commutes with covariant differentiation by [F3]; evaluating the resulting contracted identity on U,V gives the second displayed formula.

F1F2F3step 1.1

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