Alphabeta Math
TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-generatedSession-authored (Fable 5 assisted)precheck passaudited 2026-08-28
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  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
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Extensions of amenable groups are amenable

Statement

Let NG. If N and G/N are amenable, then G is amenable.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A normal subgroup NG such that both N and G/N are amenable.

[L1]

Amenability means existence of a left-invariant mean (Left-invariant means and amenable groups).

[L2]

Quotients are formed from normal subgroups (Normal subgroup: invariance under conjugation).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Let mN be a left-invariant mean on N. For bounded f:GR and gG, define Φf(gN):=mN(nf(gn)). If g=gh with hN, then the integrand for g is nf(ghn), which is the left translate of nf(gn) by h1 in the N-variable. Thus the value of Φf(gN) does not depend on the chosen representative of the right coset gN. The same formula also shows Φf(gN)f, so Φf is bounded on G/N.

L1L2givenconstruct
2.1

Let mQ be a left-invariant mean on G/N, and set mG(f)=mQ(Φf). Positivity and mG(1G)=1 are immediate. For xG, one has Φxf(gN)=mN(nf(x1gn))=Φf(x1gN), so Φxf=xNΦf. Therefore mG(xf)=mQ(xNΦf)=mQ(Φf)=mG(f).

L1step 1.1
3.1

Thus mG is a left-invariant mean on G, so [L1] makes G amenable.

L1step 2.1

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

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