How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Formal consistency of ZFC plus GCH relative to ZF
Statement
For the fixed arithmetizations, a verified proof transformation establishes implies . It does not assume a transitive set model of ZF.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The certified theories, contradiction sentence and PA representations fixed in the preceding lemma and in F2.
Finite-fragment interpretation in L with GCH supplies a total primitive-recursive translation of certified derivations to ZF derivations, together with the PA proof of checker acceptance at the literal guarded -translation of the input conclusion. It does not itself supply the final contradiction block.
Formal consistency transfer from a verified reduction turns a base-verified total map from target refutations to source refutations into the corresponding formal consistency implication.
Derived propositional, quantifier and equality rules supplies Boolean reasoning, quantified double-negation replacement and explosion in the fixed calculus. Equality reflexivity is an axiom of that calculus, not a stated conclusion of F3 (Formal proofs from sentence theories).
Proof
Write the fixed target contradiction as . In F1's specialized raw -relativization, its guarded -translation is , where is the fixed empty guard. Let denote the exact fixed translation of the equality atom if a term-graph presentation is used instead; its graph witnesses express that both occurrences of have value and that those values are equal. Under , equality reflexivity and existential introduction prove , so either presentation admits the same fixed refutation block. Fix once and for all a finite ZF block which proves , applies the translated conclusion, derives the negation of its existential matrix from this equality instance and quantified Boolean reasoning, and concludes the selected ZF contradiction by explosion. Such a block exists by F3 and the reflexivity axiom after the fixed formula and abbreviations are expanded. Define by appending this block, with shifted line references, to the translator output of F1. List append, addition of the input proof length to finitely many fixed references, and the malformed-input default are primitive recursive. PA checks each of the finitely many new line templates and combines those checks with F1's uniform checker-acceptance proof. Hence PA proves totality and . This is one assertion about all proof codes, not an external selection of a new finite fragment after entering PA.
Apply F2 with and to the map . It yields . Only numerical proof codes occur in this argument. In particular, neither step constructs nor assumes a set model, a well-founded model, or a transitive model of ZF.
Depends on
Used by
- Positive relative consistency of CH and GCH Corollary
- False statement: ZF proves L equals V False statement
Dependency tree · two levels
14 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Kunen, Set Theory, Chapter VI Corollary 4.9, p. 175 (standard reference, not scraped)
- UCLA 220C notes, Constructible Sets §8, pp. 293–295 (standard reference, not scraped)