How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
IP admits perfect completeness
Statement
For every language there is an interactive proof for with perfect completeness and soundness error at most : an honest prover is accepted with probability one on every input of , every prover is accepted with probability at most on every input outside , and the verifier is a probabilistic polynomial-time machine with polynomially many rounds and polynomially bounded communication. The protocol need not be the given protocol for .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A language .
Every language in IP lies in PSPACE (IP is contained in PSPACE, IP equals PSPACE).
Every language in PSPACE has an interactive proof with a probabilistic polynomial-time verifier, polynomially bounded interaction, completeness one and soundness error at most ; the proof is obtained by reducing the input to TQBF and running the arithmetized sum-check-style protocol there (PSPACE is contained in IP).
Proof technique: direct.
Proof
By [A1] the language lies in PSPACE.
By [A2] the language , being in PSPACE, has an interactive proof with perfect completeness and soundness error at most , with a probabilistic polynomial-time verifier and polynomially bounded interaction.
That protocol is an interactive proof for with perfect completeness and constant soundness error, as required; it is constructed from the deterministic polynomial-time reduction of to TQBF and therefore may differ from any particular protocol for that was used to witness .
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
7 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Arora and Barak, Computational Complexity: A Modern Approach, §8.5.3 (perfect completeness of the TQBF protocol), author-hosted draft (standard reference, not scraped)
- A. Shen, IP = PSPACE: Simplified Proof, JACM 39(4) 1992, pp. 878–880 (standard reference, not scraped)