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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedprecheck passaudited 2026-08-26
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Laurent series split into regular and principal parts

Statement

Let

f(z)=∑n∈Zcn(z−a)n

be a convergent Laurent series on an annulus. Then:

  1. the regular part ∑n≥0cn(z−a)n converges locally uniformly on every smaller disc ∣z−a∣<R0<R, and on all of C when R=∞;
  2. the principal part ∑m≥1c−m(z−a)−m (The principal part of a Laurent series) converges locally uniformly on every set ∣z−a∣>ρ>r;
  3. on the original annulus, f is the sum of these two subseries.

Moreover, the regular and principal parts are uniquely determined by the Laurent coefficients.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A Laurent expansion f(z)=∑n∈Zcn(z−a)n on A(a;r,R).

[L1]

Laurent expansions exist on annuli and converge locally uniformly there (Laurent expansion on an annulus).

[L2]

Each Laurent coefficient is uniquely determined by the function on the annulus (Laurent coefficients are given by contour integrals and are unique).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L2algebra

Let 0<R0<R and choose σ with R0<σ<R; the coefficient formula gives ∣cn∣≤Mσ/σn for n≥0, where Mσ=max⁡∣ζ−a∣=σ∣f(ζ)∣, so ∣cn(z−a)n∣≤Mσ(R0/σ)n for ∣z−a∣≤R0.

1.2L2algebra

Let ρ>r and choose ρ0 with r<ρ0<ρ; the coefficient formula gives ∣c−m∣≤Mρ0ρ0m for m≥1, where Mρ0=max⁡∣ζ−a∣=ρ0∣f(ζ)∣, so ∣c−m(z−a)−m∣≤Mρ0(ρ0/ρ)m for ∣z−a∣≥ρ.

1.3givenL1

On the original annulus, [L1] gives that the Laurent series converges to f, and by definition that series is the sum of its nonnegative-power and negative-power subseries. So f=freg+fprin there.

1.4L2

Uniqueness of the Laurent coefficients from [L2] makes both subseries unique term by term.

2.1step 1.1

The geometric majorant in step 1.1 converges, so the regular part converges uniformly on ∣z−a∣≤R0; since R0<R was arbitrary, the convergence is locally uniform on the disc of radius R, and when R=∞ it is locally uniform on every bounded disc.

2.2step 1.2

The geometric majorant in step 1.2 converges, so the principal part converges uniformly on ∣z−a∣≥ρ; since ρ>r was arbitrary, the convergence is locally uniform on the exterior region ∣z−a∣>r.

3.1step 2.1step 2.2step 1.3step 1.4∎

Steps 2.1, 2.2, 1.3, and 1.4 are exactly the claimed decomposition.

Depends on

Used by

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Sources