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MA makes unions of fewer than continuum many meagre sets meagre
Statement
In ZFC+MA, the union of fewer than meagre subsets of the real line is meagre. In particular every set of reals of cardinality below the continuum is meagre.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC, MA, and with .
Nowhere dense, meagre, residual, and comeagre subsets of a topological space gives nowhere-dense covers.
Martin's Axiom at a cardinal and Martin's Axiom supplies filters for ccc coding orders.
Proof
By AC choose increasing closed nowhere-dense covers . Fix a countable base of rational intervals. A condition is , where , is finite, and for is a nonempty rational interval with closure inside . A condition extends when , , it preserves old , and every newly assigned cell has closure disjoint from for all , the old side set. This includes the new columns of old rows. The relation is transitive: cells added at the first extension avoid the original side set, and cells added later avoid the larger intermediate side set. Finite unions of closed nowhere-dense sets leave the required subintervals in every .
Conditions with the same are compatible: take the union of their finite side sets without adding a new row. There are only countably many finite rational arrays , so the order is ccc. For each , the set requiring is dense. For every , the set requiring is dense by filling the finitely many new cells inside the complements prescribed in step 1.1. These are only requirements, so MA supplies a filter .
Coherence of the filter defines for every . Put and . Each , hence each , is open dense because exists for every basic interval. Fix and a filter condition that first has in its side set at length . For every and every , the cell is assigned only in an extension of that condition and its closure avoids by step 1.1, even if it is a new column of an earlier row. Thus . If , choose with ; since the cover is increasing, for all . Thus and . Therefore the union of the is covered by the meagre set . Singletons are nowhere dense, proving the final clause. The simultaneous cover choice is the exact AC use; the defective published sigma-ideal proposition is not used.
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
9 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Kunen, Set Theory, Martin's Axiom consequences (standard reference, not scraped)