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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedverified 2026-09-26 (gpt-6-sol)
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Martin-Löf randomness implies computable randomness

Statement

Every Martin-Löf random sequence is computably random.

Proof

Given: a computable martingale d and a sequence on which it succeeds.

1.1givenconstruct

A successful martingale has d(ε)>0, since a nonnegative martingale starting at 0 is identically 0. Enumerate the pairs (n,σ) satisfying d(σ)>2nd(ε) and let Un be the union of the cylinders of strings enumerated with first coordinate n. Strict comparison of computable reals is semidecidable uniformly in (n,σ), so one algorithm enumerates all these pairs and (Un) is uniformly effectively open.

2.1step 1.1givenalgebra

The prefix-minimal threshold-crossing strings have the same union as Un and are prefix-free. For any finite set S of them, the martingale conservation equation Computable martingales on binary strings gives ∑σ∈S2−∣σ∣d(σ)≤d(ε): extend the strings to one common length, where their descendant cylinders are disjoint. Since every d(σ)>2nd(ε), it follows that ∑σ∈S2−∣σ∣≤2−n. Taking increasing finite subsets gives μ(Un)≤2−n, so (Un) is a Martin-Löf test.

3.1step 2.1contradiction∎

Success puts the sequence in every level of that test, contradicting Martin-Löf randomness as defined in Martin-Löf tests and random sequences.

Depends on

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