Alphabeta Math
TheoremStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-12
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Pcf cofinality ideals have single generators

Statement

Assume AC. For a nonempty progressive set A of infinite regular cardinals and λpcf(A) there is BλA such that

Jλ[A]=J<λ[A]+Bλ={XA:XBλJ<λ[A]}.

For any BA, this equality holds if and only if BJλ[A] and every ultrafilter D on A with cf(A/D)=λ contains B. Such a generator is positive modulo J<λ[A] and unique modulo that ideal. AC gives a simultaneous family (Bλ)λpcf(A). Neither smoothness nor transitivity of this family is asserted.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC, progressive A, λpcf(A); write I=J<λ[A] and K=Jλ[A].

[F1]

These are increasing ideals, I is proper, and membership of X in either is equivalent to its supported ultrafilter cofinalities satisfying the corresponding bound (Pcf cofinality ideals and cutoff conventions).

[F2]

An ultrafilter has product cofinality λ exactly when it avoids I and meets K; meeting I is equivalent to cofinality below λ (Pcf ideal directedness and ultrafilter cofinality cutoffs).

[F3]

There is a universal strict λ-sequence with a positive limit-valued exact bound h(a)a everywhere, including finite supports (Universal pcf sequences have strong increase and exact bounds).

[F5]

Product ultrafilter cofinalities and true cofinalities are regular, and a strict cofinal chain of regular length has that true cofinality (Progressive products and true cofinality transfers).

[A1]

AC chooses members simultaneously from nonempty sets (The Axiom of Choice).

Proof

1.1

First prove the criterion. If K=I+B, then BK because BB=I. If D has cofinality λ, F2 gives XDK and DI=. Now XBI, so it is not in D, and its complement is in D. Intersecting with X gives XBD, hence BD. Conversely suppose BK and every cofinality-λ ultrafilter contains B. For XK, any ultrafilter containing XB contains X, so its cofinality is at most λ by F1. It cannot equal λ, since it then contains both B and XB. Thus every such ultrafilter has cofinality below λ, and F1 gives XBI. This proves KI+B. If XBI, then X(XB)BK because IK and K is an ideal. Thus I+BK as well. The complementary-pair rule used here follows directly from maximality of a proper filter: if adjoining a missing set preserved properness it would contradict maximality, so some old member is disjoint from it.

F1F2given
1.2

Take f,h from F3 and put B={aA:h(a)=a}. Every term satisfies fξ<Ih: fξ<Ifξ+1Ih, and ξ+1<λ because λ is an infinite cardinal by F5. For an ultrafilter D avoiding I, its dual ideal ID={XA:AXD} contains I and is proper. Thus the chain remains strict modulo D. Its exactness transfers by F4 if A is infinite. For finite A the same transfer follows directly: for g<Dh, reset g to zero where it fails g<h. The reset function is everywhere below positive h, so exactness modulo I makes it <I some fξ. Returning the old values changes it only on an ID-small set, giving g<Dfξ. This reset argument works for infinite A too, and explains the transfer without requiring singleton-smallness.

F3F4F5
2.1

Let D contain B. If it meets I, F2 gives cofinality below λ. Otherwise step 1.2 applies. For any gA, g(a)<a=h(a) on B, so g<Dh. Transferred exactness supplies ξ with g<Dfξ. Therefore the strict chain f is cofinal in A/D, and F5 makes its cofinality λ. Both cases give cofinality at most λ for every D containing B. The supported-ultrafilter test F1 therefore gives BK.

step 1.2F1F2F5
2.2

Let D have cofinality λ. It avoids I by F2. If BD, the complement belongs to D by the rule proved in step 1.1. Define u(a)=h(a) off B and u(a)=0 on B. Off B we have h(a)<a, and on B we have 0<a, so uA. Step 1.2 gives fξ<Dh=Du for all ξ. But universality from F3 supplies η with uDfη, contradicting the strict reverse inequality on the nonempty intersection of two D-large comparison sets. Hence BD.

step 1.1step 1.2F2F3
3.1

Steps 2.1–2.2 meet the criterion of step 1.1, giving K=I+B. A cofinality-λ ultrafilter exists by the hypothesis λpcf(A); it contains B and avoids I, so BI and in particular B. If C also generates K, then B,CK and the two generation equalities give BCI and CBI. Their union BC lies in I. Conversely changing B on an I-small set does not change the condition XBI, by taking the union with that small set in each direction. Finally pcf(A) is a set: ultrafilters on A form a subset of P(P(A)), and Replacement collects their cofinalities. For each such λ the subsets of A generating its ideal form a nonempty set by the proof above. Apply A1 to this indexed family to select all Bλ. No compatibility condition between distinct selections was used or follows from this choice. QED.

step 1.1step 2.1step 2.2F1F2A1

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