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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedSession-authored (Fable 5 assisted)precheck passaudited 2026-08-13
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Pullback and pushout pasting, with cancellation of the square adjacent to the outer edge

Statement

Consider a commutative diagram of two adjacent squares

ABCDEFaxbyzde

If both small squares are pullbacks, then the outer rectangle is a pullback. If the right square and the outer rectangle are pullbacks, then the left square is a pullback. Reversing all arrows gives the corresponding composition and cancellation laws for pushouts.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The displayed commutative diagram.

[F1]

A pullback supplies a unique factor for each compatible pair (Pullbacks and pushouts as limits and colimits of cospans and spans).

Proof

technique · universal property
1.1

Suppose first that both small squares are pullbacks. Given r:WD and s:WC with edr=zs, the right pullback gives a unique t:WB with yt=dr and bt=s. The left pullback then gives a unique u:WA with xu=r and au=t.

F1given
1.2

For the cancellation law, assume the right square and outer rectangle are pullbacks. A compatible pair r:WD, t:WB for the left square gives bt:WC and edr=zbt. The outer property yields a unique u:WA with xu=r and bau=bt. Since yau=dxu=dr=yt, right-pullback uniqueness gives au=t. Outer uniqueness gives uniqueness of u.

F1
2.1

This u satisfies bau=s. If u has xu=r and bau=s, then the right pullback gives au=t, and the left pullback gives u=u. Hence the outer rectangle is a pullback.

F1step 1.1
3.1

Reversing steps 1.1, 1.2, and 2.1 by [L1] proves the corresponding composition and cancellation laws for pushouts.

L1step 1.1step 2.1step 1.2

Depends on

Used by

Nothing in the library uses this result yet.

Dependency tree · next 3 levels

Direct dependencies and their dependencies through the next three levels: 8 results over 6 levels. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, and this result sits at the bottom with a heavier outline. Click the chart to enlarge it.

Sources