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Lie supermodules are graded enveloping-superalgebra modules

Statement

Let g be a complex Lie superalgebra. Restriction along ιg:g→U(g) and extension by the universal property give mutually inverse correspondences between left g-supermodules and unital graded left U(g)-modules. The correspondences preserve parity-preserving homomorphisms.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A complex Lie superalgebra g, a graded vector space V, and either of the two module structures in the Statement.

[F1]

Lie supermodules and representations: a supermodule action satisfies [x,y]v=x(yv)−(−1)∣x∣∣y∣y(xv), and its homomorphisms preserve parity and the action.

[F2]

Universal enveloping superalgebra: U(g) is the tensor quotient imposing xy−(−1)∣x∣∣y∣yx=[x,y].

[F3]

Universal property of the enveloping superalgebra: every parity-preserving Lie map into an associative superalgebra with its supercommutator extends uniquely to a unital associative-superalgebra map from U(g).

[F4]

Associative superalgebra over the complex numbers: the product in a unital associative superalgebra respects its grading, and its unit is even.

Proof

1.1givenF1F3F4construct

With pointwise addition and scalar multiplication, End⁡(V) is a complex vector space: sums and scalar multiples of linear maps are linear, and its vector-space laws hold pointwise in V. Write End⁡(V)0ˉ for the endomorphisms preserving V0ˉ,V1ˉ and End⁡(V)1ˉ for those interchanging them. If pi is the projection onto Viˉ, every T∈End⁡(V) decomposes uniquely as T0+T1, where T0=p0Tp0+p1Tp1 and T1=p1Tp0+p0Tp1; hence these spaces give a direct-sum grading. Composition sends parities i,j to i+j because an operator of parity j maps Vkˉ into Vk+j‾, and the identity is even. Composition is associative and complex-bilinear, so by [F4] this makes End⁡(V) a unital associative superalgebra. Given a g-supermodule, each homogeneous x acts as a parity-∣x∣ endomorphism v↦x⋅v. The module identity in [F1] says exactly that this map preserves the Lie bracket into the endomorphism supercommutator, so [F3] extends it uniquely to a unital graded algebra action of U(g).

1.2givenF2algebra

Conversely, restrict a unital graded left U(g)-module action along ιg. Applying the quotient relation [F2] to v gives [x,y]v=x(yv)−(−1)∣x∣∣y∣y(xv); grading and bilinearity are inherited from the module action. Thus the restriction is a g-supermodule.

2.1F2F3step 1.1step 1.2algebra

Starting from a supermodule, the extension in [F3] restricts to the original action by its defining property. Starting from a U(g)-module, the extension of its restriction agrees with the original action on every generator ιg(x) and on the unit; these generate the quotient algebra by [F2], so the actions agree on all of U(g).

3.1F1F2step 2.1algebra∎

A parity-preserving linear map intertwines the g-actions exactly when it intertwines the restrictions of the U(g)-actions: one direction is restriction, and the other follows on products of generators and then on finite linear combinations. The correspondence is therefore mutually inverse on objects and morphisms.

Depends on

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