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The primary obstruction cochain is a cocycle
Statement
Under the hypotheses and coefficient conventions of the primary obstruction definition,
Thus determines a class
in cellular, equivalently singular, cohomology with local coefficients.
Facts & Assumptions
For a simply connected base and cells of dimension at least two, consecutive relative CW skeleta have the oriented characteristic classes as compatible relative-homotopy and homology generators (A relative single cell layer has compatible homotopy and homology bases). We use this only for , after passage to the supplied universal-cover coordinates.
The boundary followed by the relative inclusion in the homotopy exact sequence of a pair has zero composite (Long exact sequence of relative homotopy groups).
The AT-23 cellular differential is the signed incidence map with monodromy (Cellular chains compute local homology), and its equivariant Hom differential computes singular local cohomology (Cellular cochains compute cohomology with local coefficients).
For each path-connected component , the first Hurewicz map identifies with the abelianization of , naturally and without Choice (The first Hurewicz map is abelianization).
For a pair , the singular-homology sequence is exact at , so the connecting map kills the image of (Long exact sequence of a pair).
Proof
Given: , , and the local coefficient data of the statement.
First suppose . Work in one component and in a supplied universal-cover coordinate system. The lift of is simply connected: adjoining the remaining relative cells, whose dimensions are at least three, does not change . Hence [F1] identifies each lifted -cell characteristic class with its oriented relative cellular generator.
Now suppose . Put and . On each component with its supplied basepoint and whisker, has abelian target by hypothesis. Thus [F4] gives a unique homomorphism with . For an oriented relative two-cell , let be its characteristic disk class. Its pair boundary is the Hurewicz class of the attaching loop, including the supplied orientation and whisker. Therefore . The assumed trivial conjugation action makes this formula independent of loop transport in the target and makes the coefficient system constant in these component coordinates. No representatives are selected simultaneously.
In this case, the geometric obstruction on a lifted -cell is the value on its cellular generator of the composite “inverse relative Hurewicz, relative boundary, then ,” with the prescribed whisker transport. The coordinate rule is equivariant under deck transformations, so it descends to the local cochain of the definition.
For , let be an oriented relative three-cell. Its attaching sphere determines ; under the relative inclusion , the class is the relative cellular boundary of , by the connecting-map and signed-incidence description in [F3]. The sphere and all its boundary incidences lie in one component, so Step 1.2 gives The last equality is exactness of the pair homology sequence [F5]. This argument retains every cell and path in the arbitrary subcomplex inside the pair ; it never assumes that is simply connected.
For , let be an oriented lifted -cell. Naturality of relative Hurewicz for the two consecutive skeletal pairs identifies the cellular boundary of with the Hurewicz image of its attaching class in . Evaluating on that boundary is therefore applied after the next relative boundary. The consecutive maps have zero composite by [F2]. Thus .
The relative -cells freely generate the cellular chain module, so Steps 3.1 and 2.2 give in their respective ranges, component by component. For , [F3] includes exactly the whisker monodromy used in Step 2.1; for , it is the identity by Step 1.2. Hence defines a cellular cohomology class, and the AT-23 comparison in [F3] carries it naturally to the stated singular local-coefficient class. No simultaneous choices beyond the supplied coordinates are made.
Depends on
- Primary cellular obstruction cochain
- Cellular chains compute local homology
- Long exact sequence of relative homotopy groups
- Cellular cochains compute cohomology with local coefficients
- A relative single cell layer has compatible homotopy and homology bases
- The first Hurewicz map is abelianization
- Long exact sequence of a pair
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- James Davis and Paul Kirk, Lecture Notes in Algebraic Topology (standard reference, not scraped)
- Haynes Miller, MIT 18.906 Algebraic Topology II lecture notes (standard reference, not scraped)